exam 3 n4 music

Program music

Music that depicts something specific or tells a story.

Lieder

German song typically for voice and piano.

Etude

A musical composition designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill.

Nocturne

A slow, lyrical, and intimate piece of music.

Mazurka

A Polish folk dance in triple time.

Symphonic Poem

A descriptive one-movement orchestral work, notably used by Liszt.

Idee fixe

A recurring theme that is associated with a specific idea or character.

Leitmotif

A musical phrase that represents a specific idea, character, or situation.

Gesamtkunstwerk

A total artwork that synthesizes multiple art forms.

Impressionism

A style characterized by focus on tone colors, atmosphere, exotic scales, extended chords, and obscured meter and rhythm.

Franz Schubert

A composer known for his contributions to Lieder, with around 600 songs.

Robert Schumann

Co-founder of a music journal, promoter of Brahms, and experienced in a mental health crisis.

Frederic Chopin

A nationalist Polish composer noted for his piano works.

Franz Liszt

Known for creating the symphonic poem, hosting recitals, and conducting masterclasses.

Johannes Brahms

A musically conservative German composer.

Hector Berlioz

Known for developing the idée fixe and as a master of orchestration.

Expressionism

A musical movement characterized by unconventional and dissonant sounds.

Sprechstimme

A vocal style in Expressionism that combines speech and singing.

Atonality

Music that lacks a tonal center or key.

Neo-classicism

A movement that draws inspiration from classical and baroque traditions.

Polytonality

Music that incorporates multiple keys simultaneously.

Aleatoric music

Music that incorporates elements of chance or randomness.

Prepared piano

A piano modified by placing objects on or between the strings to alter its sound.

Musique concrète

A form of music that uses recorded sounds as raw material.

Minimalism

A musical style focusing on repeated and varied fragments or motifs.

Arnold Schoenberg

Known as the Father of 12 Tone music.

Igor Stravinsky

A composer associated with Russian nationalism, neoclassicism, and atonality.

William Grant Still

An African-American composer known for multiple pioneering achievements.

John Cage

An avant-garde composer known for prepared piano and aleatoric music.

Philip Glass

A leading composer in the minimalist style.