Biology I Unit 4.3: Cellular Respiration

Convert chemical energy in food (glucose) to chemical energy (stored in ATP)

What is the overall goal of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP)

What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 (glucose) & O2 (oxygen)

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide), & ATP (energy).

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Cristae

folded membrane.

Matrix

fluid-like substance that fills the mitochondrial space.

ADP + Pi --> ATP, NAD+ --> NADH, FAD+ --> FADH2, C6H12O6, pyruvate, CO2

What are the molecules involved in cellular respiration? What do they convert to?

ADP + Pi --> ATP

Phosphorylation of ADP creates ATP; dephosphorylation of ATP creates ADP + Pi.

NAD+ --> NADH

Electrons carrier used to shuffle electrons to be used in the electron transport chain.

FAD+ --> FADH2

Electrons carrier used to shuffle electrons to be used in the electron transport chain.

C6H12O6 (glucose)

6-carbon monosaccharide

Pyruvate

3-carbon molecule

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

waste product to be removed from the cell.

Glycolysis, Krebs' Cycle, & Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

What are the steps of cellular respiration?

Breakdown of glucose

What is the goal of glycolysis?

Split glucose to form 2 pyruvate molecules.

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

Cytoplasm

Where does glycolysis occur?

Anaerobic

requires no oxygen.

1 molecule of glucose & 2 ATP

What does into glycolysis?

2 NADH, 4 ATP total (2 ATP NET), & 2 pyruvate.

What comes out of glycolysis?

2 NADH --> sent to ETC, 2 ATP ready for use by cell, 2 pyruvate --> sent to TCA.

What is the fate of the products from glycolysis?

Glycolysis can be performed in anaerobic and aerobic respiration.

Does glycolysis occur in anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

Breakdown of pyruvate into CO2 and form the electron carriers.

What is the goal of the Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs' Cycle?

Pyruvate breaks down into CO2, H+ ions needed, and chemically converted to make 2 ATP, some NADH and FADH2.

What is the purpose of the Citric Acid cycle?

Mitochondria

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

1 pyruvate

What goes into the citric acid cycle?

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP, and CO2

What comes out of the citric acid cycle?

Twice, so the products are doubled.

How many times does the Krebs' Cycle occur?

6 NADH & 2 FADH2 --> sent to ETC, 2 ATP ready for use by the cell.

What is the fate of the products from the Citric acid cycle?

Production of ATP

What is the goal of the electron transport chain?

Use H+ ions from the NADH and FADH2.

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Cristae (Inner mitochondrial membranes)

What is the location of the electron transport chain?

O2, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2

What goes into the ETC?

34 ATP, H2O, NAD+ and FAD+

What comes out of the ETC?

NAD+ and FAD+ to be reused in glycolysis & TCA, ATP and H2O available to use by the organism.

What is the fate of the products of the electron transport chain?

A concentration gradient of H+.

What will the removal of H+ from NADH and FADH2 generate?

H+ are pumped out into the intermembrane space.

What happens as electrons are passed through the protein complexes of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

2 H+ are pumped back into the matrix and bind O2 forming H2O.

At the last complex, what happens?

Electron transport chain

the concentration gradient created by the pumping of H+ into the intermembrane space will power a protein pump.

ATP synthase

protein pump in cellular respiration.

H+ will pass through the ATP synthase DOWN their concentration gradient.

What creates ATP?

Phosphorylated

addition of a phosphate group (P).

Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.

What are two types of fermation?

Regenerate NAD+ from NADP so that we can continue to produce ATP from glycolysis.

What is the goal of anaerobic respiration?

Regenerate NAD+ to be used in glycolysis.

What is the purpose fermentation?

Cytoplasm

Where does fermentation occur?

Lactic acid and 2 NAD+

What comes out of lactic fermentation?

Ethanol, CO2, and 2 NAD+

What comes out of alcoholic fermentation?

NAD+ to be reused in glycolysis, ethanol, CO2, Lactic acid are waste products.

What is the fate of the products of fermentation?

Some bacteria and animal cells.

Where does lactic acid fermentation occurs?

Lactic acid

What does lactic acid fermentation produce?

In yeast

Where does alcohol fermentation occur?

Ethanol, CO2

What is produced in alcoholic fermentation?

2 ATP from glycolysis, 2 ATP from TCA, and 34 from ETC.

In aerobic respiration, 38 ATP are made, from where?

2 ATP from glycolysis.

In anaerobic respiration, 2 ATP are made from where?