Final class/prototype

Seizures - Traditional AEDS

phenytoin (dilantin) - suppress sodium uptake in neurons, reducing neuronal activity in seizure cells of the brain

ADHD/narcolepsy - Amphetamines

amphetamine sulfate (Adderall) - Increases DA and 5HT in brain and PNS → more alert, more energy, improved focus.

Parkinson’s - Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitors (MAOI-Bs)

rasagiline (Azilect) - indirect acting dopamine receptor agonist, inhibits MAOB (which activates dopamine)

Parkinson’s - Direct acting dopamine receptor agonists

ropinirole (Requip) - binds to DA receptors and causes response like the body’s natural DA

Parkinson’s - Dopamine replacement drugs

levodopa-cabidopa (Sinimet) - Levodopa increases availability of L-dopa → more DA. Carbidopa inhibits the breakdown of levodopa in the peripheral tissues → inc. DA

Alzheimer’s - Cholinesterase inhibitors

donipezil (Aricept) - prevents acetylcholinesterase from inactivating ach → inc. availability of ach in brain

Migraine - Serotonin agonists

sumatriptan (Imitrex) - reverses 5HT/CGRP ration by activating 5HT receptors → vasoconstriction and suppress CGRP → prevents inflammatory response

Anxiety/depression - Bensodiazepines

lorazepam (Ativan) - enhance GABA → decreased neuronal excitability

Anxiety - Anxiolytics

buspirone (Buspar) - Binds to serotonin & dopamine receptors =>agonistic effect

Depression - Tricyclic antidepressants

amitryptiline (Elavil) - Block NE and 5HT reuptake → inc. NE 5HT, ach, DA

Depression - MAO-I

phenelzine (Nardil) - blocks MAOA and MAO(responsible for breaking down DA and NE → inc. availability everywhere

Depression - Atypical antidepressants

buproprion (Wellbutrin) - inhibits dopamine reuptake → increased dopamine availability

Depression & Anxiety - SSRIs

Fluoxetine (Prozac) - blocks reuptake of serotonin → more available

Depression - SNRIs

venlafaxine (Effexor) - block neuronal reuptake of NE and 5HT → inc. availability

Bipolar - Mood stabilizers - Lithium carbonate (lithobid)

- changes Na ion transport in nerve cells, alters metabolism of catecholamines in response to stress → decrease mania

Bipolar - mood stabilizers - Lamotrigiotne

Stabilizes voltage gated Na channels → release of excitatory nuerotransmitters

Schizophrenia - Firt gen antipsychs

Chlorpromazapine (Thorazine) - blocks NE, AcH, DA, and histamine receptors

Schizophrenia - second gen antipsychs

Clozapine (Clozaril) and resperidone (Respiridal) - blocks DA and serotonin receptors

Osteoporosis - Bisphosphonates

alendronate (Fosamax) - inhibits osteoclast acitivity → decreased bone absorption

Osteoporosis - Hypercalcemics

Calcitonin- salmon (Miacalcin) - inhibits actions of osteoclasts, increases Ca excretion

Osteoporosis - Calcium supplements

Calcium carbonate (tums) - Provides Ca, acts as a base

Hypertension - ACE inhibitors 1st

captopril (Capoten), lisinopril - blocks angiotensin-converting enzyme preventing AT2 production → decreased vasoconstriction and aldosterone effects → reduced Na and H20 retention, also K+ retention

Hypertension - Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBS)

losartan (Cozaar) - blocks AT2 → decreased vasoconstriction and aldosterone secreting effects, increases renal blood flow, retains K+

Hypertension - Calcium channel blockers

nifedepine (procardia, amlodipine) - Blocks Ca channels in smooth muscle cells of peripheral arteries → vasodilation