Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key terms, people, places, and events from history lectures.

Fascism

A political ideology often associated with a totalitarian state.

Manchuria

A region invaded by Japan.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's autobiography outlining his political ideology.

Popular Front

A broad coalition of political groups against fascism.

Munich Conference

A meeting where European powers appeased Hitler.

Non-aggression treaty

A pact between nations to avoid military action against each other.

America First Committee

An isolationist group advocating for American neutrality.

Four Freedoms Speech

FDR's address outlining essential human rights.

Lend-Lease Act

American law allowing the US to provide aid to Allied nations.

Atlantic Charter

A joint declaration by FDR and Churchill outlining post-war goals.

Native American “code talkers”

Native Americans who used their languages to transmit secret messages.

Executive Order 8802

Banned discriminatory employment practices by Federal agencies.

Double V Campaign

African Americans campaign for victory against fascism abroad and discrimination at home.

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality, a civil rights organization.

GI Bill of Rights

Legislation providing benefits to returning WWII veterans.

Harry S. Truman

President of the United States who succeeded FDR.

Office of War Information

US agency created to consolidate government information services during WWII.

Rationing

Controlled distribution of scarce resources during wartime.

Executive Order 9066

Authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Hirabayashi v. United States

Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of curfews on Japanese Americans.

Korematsu v. United States

Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066.

“Big Three”

The leaders of the Allied powers: Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.

Tehran 1943

Site of a conference between the Big Three.

Stalingrad

A major battle on the Eastern Front of WWII.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy.

“final solution”

The Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people.

2 key victories in the Pacific

Midway and Guadalcanal were two critical U.S. victories.

Manhattan Project

The research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Japanese cities targeted by atomic bombs.

2nd front in Europe

Allied invasion of Western Europe to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union.

Rosie the Riveter

A cultural icon representing women working in factories during WWII.

Neutrality

The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict.

National War Labor Board

US agency to mediate labor disputes during wartime to prevent strikes.

Pearl Harbor

Site of a surprise attack by Japan on the US.

Military-industrial complex

The close relationship between the military and the defense industry.

Yalta agreement

Post WWII agreement that divided Germany into spheres of influence..

Containment

US policy to prevent the spread of communism.

Kennan

Author of the Long Telegram outlining the strategy of containment.

Truman Doctrine

Policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation.

Marshall Plan

US program providing aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

Berlin Crisis

Soviet blockade of West Berlin.

Berlin Airlift

US operation to deliver supplies to West Berlin during the Soviet blockade.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of Western powers.

NSC-68

A top-secret policy paper that shaped Cold War foreign policy.

Truman-Potsdam Conference

Meeting to negotiate terms for the end of World War II.

Korean conflict

War between North and South Korea.

Consequences of Korean conflict

Increased military spending, expanded US involvement in Asia.

Cold War liberalism

A combination of liberal social policies and anti-communism.

Taft-Hartley Act

Restricted the power of labor unions.

Fair Deal

Truman's program of domestic policy reforms.

Loyalty-Security Program

Investigated federal employees for potential communist ties.

House Un-American Activities Committee

Investigated alleged disloyalty and subversive activities.

Joseph McCarthy

Senator who led anti-communist campaigns in the US.

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike)

President of the United States, former WWII general.

Peaceful coexistence

The idea that the US and Soviet Union could coexist peacefully.

Cold War “arms race”

Competition between the US and Soviet Union to develop superior weapons.

Self-determination (in Vietnam)

The right of the Vietnamese people to choose their own government.

CIA in Iran

US involvement in overthrowing the Iranian government.

Ngo Dinh Diem

Leader of South Vietnam.

Eisenhower Doctrine

US policy of intervention in the Middle East to contain communism.

JFK

President of the United States who defeated Nixon.

“the New Frontier”

JFK's domestic program for social and economic progress.

Bay of Pigs

Failed US invasion of Cuba.

Berlin Wall

Wall built by East Germany to separate East and West Berlin.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Confrontation between the US and Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba.

Peace Corps

US volunteer program to assist developing nations.

Buddhist monk protest

Acts of self-immolation to protest the Diem regime.

United Nations

International organization to promote peace and cooperation.

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

American citizens executed for espionage.

Bretton Woods

Site of conference that led to the creation of international financial institutions.

World Bank

International financial institution that provides loans to developing countries.

IMF

International Monetary Fund: promotes international monetary cooperation.

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, aimed to reduce barriers to international trade.

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union.

National Defense Education Act

Provided funding to improve American schools after Sputnik launch.

University – corporation relationship

The increasing collaboration between universities and corporations for research and development.

GI Bill – home ownership

Provided veterans with low-cost mortgages.

GI Bill – education

Provided veterans with funding for college or vocational training.

Veterans Administration

US agency providing benefits to military veterans.

Labor-management accord

A period of relative peace and cooperation between labor unions and management.

Planned obsolescence

Designing products to become obsolete in a short period of time.

TV – economic impact

Stimulated consumer spending and transformed advertising.

Teen culture

Distinct cultural trends and behaviors associated with teenagers.

Rock and Roll

A genre of popular music that emerged in the 1950s.

Billy Graham

Prominent evangelist.

Baby Boom

A surge in birthrates after WWII.

Nuclear family

Ideal family structure with a breadwinner father and homemaker mother.

“double day”

The phenomenon of women working both outside and inside the home.

Suburbs

Residential areas outside of city centers.

Suburbanization

The growth of suburbs.

National Interstate and Defense Highways Act

Authorized the construction of a nationwide highway system.

Ray Kroc

Expanded McDonald's into a successful franchise.

Fast food

Quick-service restaurants became widespread.

Kerner Commission

Investigated the causes of the 1967 race riots.

Sunbelt growth

The population and economic growth in the southern US.

Kitchen debate

Exchange between Nixon and Khrushchev about the merits of capitalism and communism.

Patterns of consumption

Increased consumer spending and materialism.

Levittowns

Planned suburban communities with mass-produced homes.

Segregation

The separation of people based on race.

Jim Crow

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.