Chapter 1 Test - Yanitza Briseno

Flashcards for chapter 1 test - Med Bio.

Risks

The unfavorable effects of the solution.

Engineering Design Process

A method used to develop or improve technology.

Benefits

The favorable effects of the solution.

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Criteria

The set standard on which a solution can be based.

Constraints

The limitations that a design or solution must stay within.

tradeoff

An exchange for one thing in return for another.

Iterative

the use of repeated steps

Prototype

The first build of a design, it may not be built to scale or within the final materials.

Decision Matrix

This is where each criterion is given a number, or weight, based on how important that criterion is.

resilience

the ability of an ecosystem to recover after it has undergone a disturbance

ecosystem

is a complex relationship between organisms and their environment

disturbance

refers to anything that causes change to the environment

natural disturbances

caused by nature

human-caused disturbances

caused by humans

resistance

the ability of an ecosystem to resist change caused by disturbances

ecological succession

a series of biotic changes that occur on bore land to create a community

primary succession

when an ecosystem is created from bare rock

secondary succession

when an ecosystem is developed on bare soil

stable ecosystem

can bounce back from “normal” disturbances

genetic diversity

how much variation in DNA is among a group of species

Density

how much matter is in a given space

population density

how many individuals are living in a given space

population dispersion

refers to how organisms seperate themselves within a population

clumped

occurs when resources are spread unevenly

uniform

occurs when individuals compete

random

when individuals are spread randomly

exponential growth

any group of organisms that has an ideal amount of resources, it occurs when organisms move into an uninhabited area

logistic growth

occurs when populations are running low on resources, the growth of a population levels off to the size that the environment can support

carrying capacity

the maximum number of individuals that the environment can sustain and support

limiting factors

factors that can affect the carrying capacity

density-dependent limiting factors

includes predation, competition, and parasitism

density-independent limiting factors

includes weather, natural disasters, and human activities

systems

a set of interacting components or parts

inputs

what goes into a system

outputs

what comes out of a system

opened system

both inputs and outputs flow in and out freely (both energy+matter)

closed system

the flow of input and output is limited (only energy is exchanged)

isolated system

inputs and outputs are contained (ice cooler)

biotic factors

living or once living components

abiotic factors

non-living components like energy and matter

habitat

include both biotic and abiotic factors where the organism lives

ecological niche

an environment that includes everything that the organisms need to survive and reproduce

predation

when one organism captures and eats another organism

competition

when an organism competes for limited resources

symbiosis

relationship between different organisms like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism