Physical Science - Chapter 3

subatomic particles

particles that are smaller than atoms

law of electrostatic charges

the law that states that opposite electrical charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other

subatomic particles

particles that are smaller than atoms

law of electrostatic charges

the law that states that opposite electrical charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other

plum pudding model

the atomic model suggested negatively charged material with embedded electrons

alpha particle

a helium nucleus that is emitted from a nucleus when a radioactive isotope experiences alpha decay

nuclear model

the atomic developed by Ernest Rutherford in which an atom is made up of a tiny, dense, positively charged central nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

quantum mechanics

the branch of physics that explores the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level

bohr model

the atomic model developed by Niels Bohr in which electrons travel in distinct spherical regions called energy levels at fixed distances from the nucleus

energy level

in the Bohr model of the atom; the regions located at fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom in which electrons are found

quantum -mechanic model

the currently accepted atomic model in which electrons are found in orbitals that are positioned around a nucleus that contains protons and (usually) neutrons

electrons

the smallest of the main subatomic particles

proton

a subatomic particles located in the atoms nucleus

neutron

carries no electrical charge

atomic number

the unique number of protons in the atoms of each element

neutral atom

an atom with balanced electric charges

Relative mass

1u

Actual mass

1.6749 x 10^-27 kg

Symbol

n

Charge

0

Relative mass

1u

Actual mass

1.6726 x 10^-27 kg

Symbol

p+

Charge

+1e

Relative mass

1/1836u

Actual mass

9.1094 x 10^-31

Symbol

e-

Charge

-1e

isotopes

atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons

mass number

the total number of particles found in the nucleus of a particular isotope of an element

isotope notation

a symbol that distinguishes between different isotopes

ion

a charged atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, producing an unequal number of protons and electrons

anion

a negatively charged ion

cation

a positively charged ion

atomic mass

the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element

plum pudding model

the atomic model suggested negatively charged material with embedded electrons

alpha particle

a helium nucleus that is emitted from a nucleus when a radioactive isotope experiences alpha decay

nuclear model

the atomic developed by Ernest Rutherford in which an atom is made up of a tiny, dense, positively charged central nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

quantum mechanics

the branch of physics that explores the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level

bohr model

the atomic model developed by Niels Bohr in which electrons travel in distinct spherical regions called energy levels at fixed distances from the nucleus

energy level

in the Bohr model of the atom; the regions located at fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom in which electrons are found

quantum -mechanic model

the currently accepted atomic model in which electrons are found in orbitals that are positioned around a nucleus that contains protons and (usually) neutrons

electrons

the smallest of the main subatomic particles

proton

a subatomic particles located in the atom’s nucleus

neutron

carries no electrical charge

atomic number

the unique number of protons in the atoms of each element

neutral atom

an atom with balanced electric charges

isotopes

atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons

mass number

the total number of particles found in the nucleus of a particular isotope of an element

isotope notation

a symbol that distinguishes between different isotopes

ion

a charged atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, producing an unequal number of protons and electrons

anion

a negatively charged ion

cation

a positively charged ion

atomic mass

the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of that element