MBBS I Sample Questions Review

A set of flashcards based on the MBBS I Sample Questions to help review key concepts, definitions, and physiological mechanisms.

What is the average length of the anagen phase in hair growth?

3 years.

What type of cells have dysfunctional apical cilia that may lead to hydrocephalus?

Ependymal cells.

Which organ is lined with epithelium that is specific to the urinary bladder?

Urinary bladder.

What reproductive technology leads to babies having genetic material from three individuals?

Mitochondrial replacement.

What post-translational modification requires vitamin C?

Proline hydroxylation.

At which checkpoint does the cell cycle arrest if DNA replication is incomplete?

G2 checkpoint.

Where does RNA processing primarily occur in the cell?

Nucleus.

Which pattern of affected individuals suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance?

All generations are affected.

What is the key cellular mediator responsible for long-lasting immune protection after vaccination?

Memory lymphocytes.

How do you calculate the intracellular fluid volume of the body?

Total body fluid volume - plasma volume - interstitial fluid volume.

What body response occurs when core temperature falls below the thermal set-point?

Shivering.

What is the false negative rate of a diagnostic test equivalent to?

1 - sensitivity of the test.

If a test is positive in 60 out of 100 patients and 60 out of 100 normal individuals, what is the positive predictive value?

0.50.

What physiological response is triggered in muscle fibers when the motor neuron is stimulated?

Recruitment of one motor unit.

What soluble factor is directly involved in innate immune response?

Complement.

Which cell type is diagnostic of disseminated tuberculosis?

Langhans giant cells.

What type of cells does the innate immune system primarily include?

Neutrophils.

What is the concern for an obese patient using phenytoin?

Delayed onset of drug action.

Which cell layer plays the most active role in invading the endometrium during implantation?

Syncytiotrophoblast.

What is the predominant cell type in the skin?

Fibroblasts.

Which layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum.

What is the unique structure targeted by penicillin in bacteria?

Cell wall peptidoglycan.

Which bacterium is characteristic of caused melioidosis?

Burkholderia pseudomallei.

What is the infection control advice for norovirus outbreak?

Enforce handwashing in addition to routine use of alcohol hand rubs.

Which type of clinical specimen is used for diagnosing Treponema pallidum?

Antibody testing.

Which immune defect predisposes to tuberculosis?

Defective T-lymphocyte production.

What are the two main types of protein fibers in skin dermis?

Collagen and elastin.

What is the mechanism by which local anaesthetic drugs block pain signaling?

Blocking Na+ channels.

What is a common cause of fatty change in the liver?

Alcoholism.

What does parenteral mean?

Administered by injection.

What is the characteristic of parenteral route of administration?

Subcutaneous injection can be given by the patients themselves.

What process describes the release of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse?

Exocytosis.

Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body?

Calcitriol.

What are the two main hormones involved in regulating calcium and phosphate levels?

Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol.

Which gene is involved in breast cancer susceptibility?

BRCA1 and BRCA2.

What makes troponin important in muscle contraction?

It binds to calcium ions and moves tropomyosin away from the myosin binding site.

What receptor do sympathetic nerves primarily activate?

Adrenergic receptors.

What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?

Regulates the interaction of actin and myosin.

What enables CRISPR-Cas9 to edit genes without cutting DNA?

dCas9 lacks endonuclease activity.