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Joseph Mallor William Turner
English painter who had ideas of romanticism and Impressionism. He likes to go outside to paint and there is a story that he tied himself to sails during a storm to experience the waters crashing down on him for a painting.
Eugene Delacroix
A French painter that is famous for his painting of Liberty Leading the People. (Depiction of the July Rebellion) He had studied the ideas of Romanticism and Impressionism. When Delacroix first published the Liberty painting, the government bought it and hit to avoid rebellions from the public. He had a rivalry with Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres. Considered Charles Talleyrand as his real father.
Klemens Von Metternich
Austrian Diplomat that led the Congress of Vienna. He follows the idea of conservatism and absolutism. When Metternich was younger, he spoke French a lot better than he spoke German. He was close with Napoleon and hated the French Revolution.
Karl Marx
German philosopher and political economist that had written the famous Communist Manifesto. His ideas were socialism, Marxism and communism. Marx believed in equal rights for all and lived in very poor conditions while being financially helped by Freidrich Engels. His wife had once pawned his pants and his ideas were widely spread by Vladimir Lenin in the Russian Revolution with the Bolsheviks.
Friedrich Engels
German philosopher who was the co-founder of Marxism. He would often help financially help Karl Marx as he was wealthy form his family’s cotton textile mills. His ideas were scientific socialism and historical realism. Had sympathy for the working class and that’s why he’s helping Marx. Wrote his first poem “The Bedouin” and was a polyglot that spoke many languages. There is a movie about Freidrich and Marx made in 2017.
Lord Byron
An influential English poet by the actual name of George Gordon. He contributed greatly to romanticism. His works included the Wrath of Medusa and Ophelia which viewed themes of a respond to nature and the celebration of isolation and the individual.
He had published the poem “She Walks in Beauty” which idealized women as perfect innocent and untouchable things. It also touched part on nature.
He had actually witnessed the ideas of Frankenstein in the making before it was published and he had relationships with his half sister. Many affairs.
George Sand (Amantine Lucile Aurore)
A French writer that challenged societal norms and incorporated the ideas of Romanticism and feminism. She had written Indiana, which was a lover story between two childhood best friends. It was aimed at the audience of women, specifically women in distress.
She is married to Frederic Chopin. Her pseudonym (fake name) was George Sand so people would take her writing more seriously if she was posed as a man. She enjoyed wearing masculine clothing and challenged societal norms.
Her importance was her romance novels having women feel appreciative. Especially since women didn’t have the privilege to speak on how they felt. She promoted the idea that women and men should have the same opportunities, pushing for gender equality.
Adam Smith
A self taught Scottish philosopher who followed the Enlightenment and capitalism. His importance was that he created the standard of living and his economic ideas are still in use today.
His work, Welath of Nations states that the market is controlled by self interest rather than public benefits. To explain his ideas in a practical way so everyone can understand. His economic ideas are still in use today and he crafted a standard of living.
He has no record of a birthday. Became commissioner of customs in Scotland to stop smugglers but he ended up siding with them bc the Free Market was corrupted
Robert Owen
Self taught (British?) businessman and influential social reformer.
Followed Utopian Socialism, one of the pioneers of it. He improved working conditions and established schools for children which emphasized the importance of early childhood education.
“A New View of Society” outlined his vision for a reformed society
He ended up improving labor conditions and his ideas were ahead of his time.
He room over management of New Lanark Mills in Scotland. He bought the town of Harmony in Indiana which was supposed to be a Utopian society for workers and owners working together for the public benefit but it failed early on.
Charles Talleyrand
French diplomat who was a member of the French aristocracy
He had been born with a deformity in his right leg and was actually not religious despite being a bishop. He became a priest just to avoid being in the military and getting ahead.
His ideas were realpolitik, balance of Power, diplomatic deception, political moderation, pans pragmatism.
“Report on the Political Situation of France” was written to talk about supporting a constitutional monarchy.
He contributed to long term sustainability
Victor Hugo
French poet who had ties with Napoleon due to his father being a general in Napoleons army. Often read and made was influenced by the works of classical writings
Les Mis was a poem that was passionate about the political world of France and was used as a story as a platform to discuss many themes such as Justice, injustice, redemption, transformation, revolution and social change.
The idea of Justice and injustice critics the Justice system and how often it fails to provide Justice.
Wrote over 4000 poems and 20 plays. He liked to wear capes and top hats. Died on the same day the inauguration of the Eiffel Tower.
Germaine De Stael
French Genevan Writer and significant political theorist who opened her first salon in 1792.
Her and Napoleon were basically enemies as she did not agree with his strategies of invading Switzerland upon first meeting.
Had ideas of enlightenment, romanticism and liberalism. She was exiled by Napoleon for her book De l’Allemange.
“Delphine” was a work about the French Revolution. When Napoleon declared himself the first consul of French after his coup d-etat and Napoleon rising to power and starting his empire.
During her exile, she formed the Coppet group. She was a supporter of the French Revolution and was known for Jacobinism.
Frans Liszt
Hungarian Composer that was considered a child prodigy. He gained his passion from his father and lost it when he died.
Influential in romanticism and created his own genre named the “symphonic poem” which allowed artists to express poetic and artistic themes into music.
What One Hears on the Mountaintop was a symphonic poem that compared nature and man. The nature is joyous while the man is miserable and they converge together to create loneliness.
Prominent figure in the romantic movement as his creation allowed other composers to generate their own.
He supposedly had very large hands which is why his pieces are hard to play. He wrote ONR opera with Ferdinand Paer who taught him advanced music.
Sir Walter Scott
English writer who had a bad leg. Wrote an incredible amount of novels. He ended up writing Ivanhoe which was a great example of romanticism.
Ivanhoe shows the social and political tension between the Saxon’s and the Norman’s. It was against classicism.
He was born in a small third floor flat. His nickname was “Wattie” and he was actually a fully qualified lawyer but chose to write novels instead.
Caspar David Friedrich
German Painter that almost died by falling through ice in a river. He began to study art. Man of his famous art pieces were Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, Monk by the Sea and Dolmen by the Snow.
Monastery Graveyard in the Snow was painted to portray the connection between natural and spiritual. (Nature and man)
Caspar was the bridge to romanticism in Germany and his art was looked up to. He submitted 500 total works in his name in one year (1840) before he died. Hitler looked up to his paintings. Highly recognized painter.
Robert Peel
A wealthy English businessman and reformer who came from a family that was one of the first families to be involved with mills in the Industrial Revolution.
He had ideas of conservatism and introduced many forms of police. He believed in a strong government.
The Tamworth Manifesto was his visions for the conservative part and need for reform. It showed the time of change in Great Britain.
The Metropolitan Police Act was an attempt to reduce crime and introduced new ways of police.
Police officers in British are actually called peelers because of his great efforts to the way the police works. After the police act, a lot of people attacked the police. He died in a horse accident in 1850 after his horse fell on him.
Ludwig Van Beethoven
German composer who unfortunately inherited his parents alcoholism. He was a strong supporter of the French Revolution. He performed a lot with the nobility but hated their values.
Father of romantic music. (Romanticism)
Beethoven Symphony No. 5 was a composition created to symbolize his loss of hearing. Fate is knocking at the door but there is hope if he accepts it. It was originally supposed to be a dedication to Napoleon but after Napoleons attempt to reign over Europe, it immediately transitioned to a composition to discourage Napoleon.
He wrote 8 symphonies while 60% deaf. He became a court organist. Beethoven never married but he was suspiciously into unavailable women. (Married)
