Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

Flashcards on Lower Urinary Tract Diseases, Prostatic Diseases, Pyometra, Dystocia, Kidney Diseases, and Respiratory System Diseases.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection of the urinary bladder when a bacterium establishes a colony in the bladder

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

Pollakiuria

Frequent urination.

Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

Urolithiasis

Solid mineral deposits that form inside the bladder.

Ectopic Ureter

A birth defect where one or both ureters bypass the bladder trigone.

Intramural Ectopic Ureter

More common ectopic ureter in dogs, ureter attaches to the trigone of the bladder but then tunnels through the bladder wall, finally opening downstream from the bladder (urethra).

Extramural Ectopic Ureter

More common ectopic ureter in cats, when the ureters pass the bladder and connect and open downstream from the bladder; connection usually further along the urinary tract or even to the reproductive tract (urethra or vagina).

Prostate

Only accessory sex gland of the canine male reproductive tract; produces fluid that serves as transport and support for sperm.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland; common in intact male dogs.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the canine prostate gland, usually suppurative; acute form may result in abscesses.

Pyometra

Hormone-driven bacterial infection of the uterus, leading to pus accumulation.

Open Pyometra

Type of pyometra with an open cervix and active vulvar discharge.

Closed Pyometra

Type of pyometra where the cervix is closed, pus is trapped within the lumen, leading to a higher risk of rupture and sepsis.

Dystocia

Inability to expel fetuses through the birth canal during parturition.

Uterine Inertia

When the myometrium produces only weak and infrequent contractions that fail to expel a normal fetus through a normal birth canal

Respiratory System

Functions to carry vital oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide, a metabolic waste, out of the body

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal epithelium.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Kennel Cough

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)

Partial airway obstruction caused by stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, and/or hypoplastic trachea.

Tracheal Collapse

Dynamic reduction in the luminal diameter of the large conduction airway during respiration.

Goose Honking

Dry honking cough

Pyothorax

Accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity, usually due to infection.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A rapid and significant loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, fluid imbalance and electrolyte disturbances

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over weeks to months.

Proteinuria

The presence of protein in the urine.

Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA)

A methylated form of the amino acid arginine, produced by all nucleated cells and primarily excreted by the kidneys

Creatinine

A metabolic by product of muscle breakdown, excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.

Pleural Effusion

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

Laryngitis

Inflammation and swelling of the larynx (voice box).

Tracheitis

Inflammation of the trachea (windpipe).

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal epithelium.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Pyothorax

Accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity, usually due to infection.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A rapid and significant loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, fluid imbalance and electrolyte disturbances

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over weeks to months.

Proteinuria

The presence of protein in the urine.

Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA)

A methylated form of the amino acid arginine, produced by all nucleated cells and primarily excreted by the kidneys

Creatinine

A metabolic by product of muscle breakdown, excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection of the urinary bladder when a bacterium establishes a colony in the bladder

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

Pollakiuria

Frequent urination.

Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

Urolithiasis

Solid mineral deposits that form inside the bladder.

Ectopic Ureter

A birth defect where one or both ureters bypass the bladder trigone.

Intramural Ectopic Ureter

More common ectopic ureter in dogs, ureter attaches to the trigone of the bladder but then tunnels through the bladder wall, finally opening downstream from the bladder (urethra).

Extramural Ectopic Ureter

More common ectopic ureter in cats, when the ureters pass the bladder and connect and open downstream from the bladder; connection usually further along the urinary tract or even to the reproductive tract (urethra or vagina).

Prostate

Only accessory sex gland of the canine male reproductive tract; produces fluid that serves as transport and support for sperm.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland; common in intact male dogs.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the canine prostate gland, usually suppurative; acute form may result in abscesses.

Pyometra

Hormone-driven bacterial infection of the uterus, leading to pus accumulation.

Open Pyometra

Type of pyometra with an open cervix and active vulvar discharge.

Closed Pyometra

Type of pyometra where the cervix is closed, pus is trapped within the lumen, leading to a higher risk of rupture and sepsis.

Dystocia

Inability to expel fetuses through the birth canal during parturition.

Uterine Inertia

When the myometrium produces only weak and infrequent contractions that fail to expel a normal fetus through a normal birth canal

Respiratory System

Functions to carry vital oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide, a metabolic waste, out of the body

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal epithelium.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Kennel Cough

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)

Partial airway obstruction caused by stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, and/or hypoplastic trachea.

Tracheal Collapse

Dynamic reduction in the luminal diameter of the large conduction airway during respiration.

Goose Honking

Dry honking cough

Pyothorax

Accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity, usually due to infection.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A rapid and significant loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, fluid imbalance and electrolyte disturbances

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over weeks to months.

Proteinuria

The presence of protein in the urine.

Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA)

A methylated form of the amino acid arginine, produced by all nucleated cells and primarily excreted by the kidneys

Creatinine

A metabolic by product of muscle breakdown, excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.

Pleural Effusion

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

Laryngitis

Inflammation and swelling of the larynx (voice box).

Tracheitis

Inflammation of the trachea (windpipe).

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal epithelium.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Pyothorax

Accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity, usually due to infection.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A rapid and significant loss of kidney function, leading to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, fluid imbalance and electrolyte disturbances

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over weeks to months.

Proteinuria

The presence of protein in the urine.

Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA)

A methylated form of the amino acid arginine, produced by all nucleated cells and primarily excreted by the kidneys

Creatinine

A metabolic by product of muscle breakdown, excreted almost entirely by the kidneys.