Religion Midterm 2023

Teacher: Mr. Muldoon | Test Date: January 19th

Charlemagne

Who was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor?

The practice by which a high-ranking secular leader could appoint bishops or abbots and require their Loyalty

What is lay investiture?

The monks took vows of poverty, charity and obedience

All of the the following statements characterize Saint Benedict’s community at Monte Cassino except

They were not allowed to own weapons

How were Christians and Jews treated in Muslim territories?

Pachomius

The person who organized the first monasteries in 320

Christendom

The political and spiritual power and authority of the Church during the Middle Ages

Dictatus Papae

Pope Gregory VII’s Papal Bull that attempted to eliminate interference from secular rulers in Church matters

Mecca

The Holy City of Islam

Papal States

The Donation of Pepin

Fealty

An oath before God that bound those that took it to loyalty to the lord or king

\-He was the first to give witness to Christ in a speech at Pentecost

\-He listened to everyone’s views at the Council of Jerusalem and then considered the best way to proceed, with the help of the Holy Spirit

\-He advised choosing a replacement for Judas, and the Apostles took his advice

As an example of Peter’s early leadership in the Church, ___

Paul

St. ___ became known as “the Apostle to the Gentiles”

“Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”

Which Jewish prophecy made the preaching of “Christ crucified” a stumbling block to the Jews?

To discuss how to welcome Gentile converts into the Church and decide whether they must follow Jewish Law

What was a primary goal of the Council of Jerusalem (AD 49 or 50)?

Martyrdom

Witness to the saving message of Christ through the sacrifice of one’s life

Pope

Another name for the Bishop of Rome

Deposit of Faith

The heritage of faith contained in Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition. It has been passed on from the time of the Apostles. The Magisterium takes from it all that it teaches as revealed truth.

Magisterium

The Church’s living teaching office, which consists of all the bishops, in communion with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome

Presbyter

A synonym to elder in the Acts of the Apostles and an alternative word for priest today

Sacred Tradition

From the Latin meaning “to hand on”. Refers to the process of passing on the Gospel message. It began with the oral communication of the Gospel by the Apostles, was written down in Sacred Scripture, and is interpreted by the Magisterium under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

\-Has to be written by an Apostle or Apostles’ associate

\-Used by many communities for prayer and worship

\-Does not contradict the teachings of the Old Testament

\-Reflects and strengthen Jesus’ mission

List the four criteria that had to be met for a writing to be included in the New Testament.

73

How many books make up the Catholic Bible?

When Jesus sent his Apostles out to “make disciples of all nations”

What does the “Great Commission” refer to?

Antioch

The word “Christian” was first used where?

Visible signs of invisible grace

Signs of Christ’s self-giving love

All Seven Sacraments are ___

Charism

A special gift or grace of the Holy Spirit given to an individual Christian community, commonly for the benefit and building up of the entire Church

Apostolic Succession

The uninterrupted passing on of apostolic preaching and authority from the Apostles directly to all bishops. It is accomplished through the laying on of hands when a bishop is ordained in the Sacrament of Holy Orders as instituted by Christ. The office of bishop is permanent, because at ordination a bishop is marked with an indelible, sacred character.

Pentecost

The Jewish harvest feast on which the Holy Spirit came to the Apostles

\-The towns gathered together in the Temple or in homes to pray

\-Devoted to the Apostles’ teachings

\-Lived communal & prayerful lives

\-Sometimes sold their property to help raise money for the poor

\-Participated in the Breaking of the Bread/the Eucharist

Describe some aspects of what life was like in the Early Church

Jesus appointed Peter to become the head of the Church.

How did Peter become the first Pope?

God promised land & countless descendants

Covenant with Abraham

God made the Israelites his Chosen People

Covenant with Mt. Sinai

Adam & Eve’s state of perfect harmony with nature

Original Justice

Considered the Protoevangelium

Covenant with Adam

God’s covenant with Noah

Universal Covenant

God promised an Eternal King ruling and Eternal Kingdom

Covenant with David

Leo the Great

This saint met with Atilla the Hun, a meeting which resulted in Attila’s retreat from Rome

Word

The Greek word Logos means ____

Defending the Church teachings against the heresy of Arianism

Saint Athanasius is known for which contribution to the life of the Church?

The Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople

The Nicene Creed is the product of which two Ecumenical Councils?

St. Basil

This man established monasticism in the EAST

The pope called the Council of Nicaea

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Early Church after Constantine made Christianity legal?

Edict of Milan

This document proclaimed religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire

Hagia Sophia

One of Eastern Emperor Justinian’s great achievements was the building of the Basilica of the _____

Translating the Bible from its original Hebrew and Greek into Latin, forming the major part of the Vulgate

Saint Jerome is known for which contribution to the life of the Church?

All of the Above

\-Constantine moved his capital to Byzantium(later, Constantinople), leaving weak or corrupt emperors to govern the Western Empire

\-Waves of barbarian invasions created economic, social. and political pressures on the Western Empire

\-The Visigoths sacked Rome in AD 410

Which of the following factors led to the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West?

Father of the Church

During the early centuries of the Church, a teacher whose writings extended the Tradition of the Apostles and who continues to be important for the Church’s teachings

Ecumenical Council

A gathering of the Church’s bishops from around the world convened by the Pope or approved by him to address pressing issues in the Church

Doctor of the Church

A title officially bestowed by the Church on those saints who are highly esteemed for their theological writings, as well as their personal holiness

Nestorianism

Taught that Jesus is two persons

Arianism

Denied Jesus’ divinity

Docetism

Denied Jesus’ humanity

Monophysitism

Jesus started with a human nature, but it was replaced by the divine nature

Council of Ephesus

Gave Mary her greatest title

Council of Nicaea

Condemned the teachings of Arius

Council of Chalcedon

Defined the Hypostatic Union

1) Provided protection and governance

2) Education for the clergy & laity

3) Cared for the poor

Three ways the Church responded to the fall of the Roman Empire in the West

Pontifex Maximus

What Latin title did Constantine take for himself that indicated he was the head of the Christian religion?

St. Athanasius

Who was the saint that had become for a number of years practically the only bishop to speak out against Arianism?

The Son and The Father are made up of the same substance and are the same God.

In one sentence, explain this doctrine: “The Son is consubstantial with the Father”.

Nestorianism

What heresy did the Council of Ephesus condemn?

No, there never was a time the Son was not; He always was.

Was there ever a time the Son was not?

Jesus is a divine person with a human & divine nature.

What is Jesus?

Bishops

Which of the following are considered the successors of the Apostles?

Apologist

One who speaks or writes in defense of the Christian Faith is properly called a(n)

The Psalms and the Jewish Scripture (aka Old Testament)

What did the early Christians read in their worship assemblies?

They acknowledged mistakes and sought forgiveness

All of following are characteristics of early Christian apologetic texts EXCEPT

That Mary is not the Mother of God

The heresy of Gnosticism includes all of the following beliefs EXCEPT

\-Sang psalms

\-Gathered in each other’s houses and read from the Old Testament

\-Gave thanks and celebrated the Eucharist

\-Read from the letters written by the Apostles

\-Participated in the Kiss of Peace

Describe some aspects of early Christian worship.

\-Holiness of Life

\-Obedience to the rule of faith

\-Magisterial Approval

\-Antiquity

List the four requirements needed to become a Father of the Church

5

How many waves of Roman Persecution were there?

Diocletian

Under which emperor did the worst Roman persecution occur?

Confiscated property

State one thing that happened unique to the worst wave

The Romans persecuted Christians because they believed they were atheists for not worshiping Roman gods. They believed they were the cause of natural disasters and diseases. They were subversive and “cannibals”.

What were some reasons for the Roman persecution of Christians?

\-Pliny the Younger

\-Josephus

\-Tacitus

\-Suetonius

Four non-Christian sources that speak of Christ

Josephus

From which non-Christian source do we get the most information about Christ?

Restored our ability to be reunited with God

Covenant in Jesus Christ

Gnosticism

What heresy did St. Irenaeus argue against?

Sanctify→Priest

Govern→King

Teach→ Prophet

Church’s Key Missions & Roles of Christ

God reveals himself through nature

Cosmic

God reveals Himself through the prophets

Prophetic

God becomes fully human & man to spread His Word

Incarnate

The mystery of the Incarnation is Christ revealing Himself to us as human. Through this, God’s eternal covenant in Jesus Christ was fulfilled

What is the Mystery of the Incarnation? That is to say, what occurred at the Incarnation?

Humans are a kind of incarnation because we are both body and soul.

How are humans a kind of incarnation?

Non-physical

We need the physical to get to the ___

A visible sign of God’s invisible grace instituted by Christ

Define sacrament.

Pope

The ___ is the visible head of the Church representing Christ, the Invisible Head.

The Church has a human aspect (imperfect as a result of the people) and a divine aspect (found in the 3 key missions).

How is the Church a kind of incarnation?

\-Established eastern monasticism

\-Spoke out against simony

Pick a Father or Doctor of the Church and memorize them.

For Example: St. Basil the Great

Charlemagne

Who was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor?

The practice by which a high-ranking secular leader could appoint bishops or abbots and require their Loyalty

What is lay investiture?

The monks took vows of poverty, charity, and obedience

All of the following statements characterize Saint Benedict’s community at Monte Cassino except _____

They were not allowed to own weapons

How were Christians and Jews treated in Muslim territories?

Pachomius

The person who organized the first monasteries in 320

Christendom

The political and spiritual power and authority of the Church during the Middle Ages

Dictatus Papae

Pope Gregory VII’s Papal Bull that attempted to eliminate interference from secular rulers in Church matters

Mecca

The Holy City of Islam

Papal States

The Donation of Pepin

Fealty

An oath before God that bound those that took it to loyalty to the lord or king

First Commandment

I am the Lord your God, you shall not bear false gods before me