#1 Types &Components of Computer Systems

Hardware

The electronic, physical components that make up a computer system, including input and output devices.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The component of the computer that understands and executes hardware and software operations.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Temporary memory storage used for data currently in use; it is volatile.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Permanent, non-volatile memory used to store configuration data.

Application Software

Software that provides services allowing the user to perform specific tasks, such as spreadsheets and word processors.

System Software

Software designed to provide a platform for applications to run on, including operating systems and utilities.

Input Devices

Hardware that allows users to enter data into a computer, such as a keyboard and mouse.

Output Devices

Hardware that displays the result of computer processing in a human-readable format.

Backing Storage

Required to store significant amounts of data permanently, and most commonly in the form of Hard Disk Drives and Solid-State Drives.

Operating System

Software that controls the operation of input, output, and storage, and manages application programs.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

An interface that allows users to interact with a computer using visual icons and menus.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

An interface where the user types commands to interact with the computer.

Digital Data

Data represented in binary form that computers can understand.

Analogue Data

Data in real-world form that is continuous.

Augmented Reality (AR)

A merger between the virtual and physical world; it lays objects onto pre-existing objects

Virtual Reality (VR)

An immersive technology that creates a completely virtual environment separate from the physical world.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A machine or application which carries out a task that requires some degree of intelligence.

Device Drivers

A software that enables the device to work with another, externally connected device.

Phablet

A hybrid device that combines features of a smartphone and a tablet, characterized by a larger screen.

Utilities

A system software that provides the necessary facilities (Antivirus, Scan Disk, Disk Defragmentation, etc.)