Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton

shallow depression

shallow depression

The ________ located on the anteromedial (internal) surface of the upper ilium is called the iliac fossa.

Superior

________ to the spine is the narrow supraspinous fossa, and inferior to the spine is the broad infraspinous fossa.

trapezium

The distal bones (lateral to medial) are the ________ " (table), "________ ("resembles a table), "capitate ("head- shaped), "and hamate ("hooked bone) "bones.

Subpubic angle

________ is less than 70 degrees.

lateral tibial condyle

It articulates with the inferior aspect of the ________, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint.

scapula

The _ (shoulder blade) lies on the posterior aspect of the shoulder.

clavicle

which also articulates with the humerus (arm bone) to form the shoulder joint.

metatarsal bone

Each ________ articulates with the proximal phalanx of a toe to form a metatarsophalangeal joint.

Pelvic inlet

________ has a round or oval shape.

sternal end of the clavicle

has a triangular shape and articulates with the manubrium portion of the sternum.

Subpubic angle

________ is greater than 80 degrees.

sternoclavicular joint

which is the only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton.

Pelvic inlet

________ is heart- shaped.

The clavicle has three regions

the medial end, the lateral end, and the shaft

The sternoclavicular joint is indirectly supported by the costoclavicular ligament (costo

= "rib"), which spans the sternal end of the clavicle and the underlying first rib

The more medial of these areas is the trochlea, a spindle

or pulley-shaped region (trochlea = "pulley"), which articulates with the ulna bone

The pelvis consists of four bones

the right and left hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx

acromial end of the clavicle

articulates with the acromion of the scapula, the portion of the scapula that forms the bony tip of the shoulder.

suprascapular notch

is located lateral to the midpoint of the superior border.

superior angle of the scapula

located between the medial and superior borders

inferior angle of the scapula

located between the medial and lateral borders.

glenohumeral joint

(shoulder joint)

spine of the scapula

is a long and prominent ridge that runs across its upper portion.

acromion or acromial process

Extending laterally from the spine is a flattened and expanded region.

acromioclavicular joint

The acromion forms the bony tip of the superior shoulder region and articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle

coracoclavicular ligament

The primary support for the acromioclavicular joint comes from a very strong ligament

humerus

is the single bone of the upper arm

ulna

(medially) and the radius (laterally) are the paired bones of the forearm.

carpal bone

The base of the hand contains eight bones

carpal bone

The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a

metacarpal bone

the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a

greater tubercle

Located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus is an expanded bony area called the

deltoid tuberosity

is a roughened, V-shaped region located on the lateral side in the middle of the humerus shaft.

medial epicondyle of the humerus

The prominent bony projection on the medial side is the

lateral supracondylar ridge

The roughened ridge of bone above the lateral epicondyle is the

radial fossa

above the capitulum

coronoid fossa

which receives the coronoid process of the ulna

trochlear notch

The proximal end of the ulna resembles a crescent wrench with its large, C-shaped

coronoid process of the ulna

The inferior margin of the trochlear notch is formed by a prominent lip of bone called the

radial notch of the ulna

To the lateral side and slightly inferior to the trochlear notch is a small, smooth area called the

ulnar tuberosity

Just below this on the anterior ulna is a roughened area called the

proximal radioulnar joint

This area is the site of articulation between the proximal radius and the ulna, forming the

interosseous border of the ulna

The lateral side of the shaft forms a ridge called the

head of the ulna

The small, rounded area that forms the distal end is the

styloid process of the ulna

a short bony projection.

scaphoid

(“boat-shaped”)

lunate

(“moon-shaped”)

triquetrum

(“three-cornered”)

pisiform

(“pea-shaped”)

trapezium

(“table”)

trapezoid

(“resembles a table”)

capitate

(“head-shaped”)

hamate

(“hooked bone”)

hook of the hamate bone

The hamate bone is characterized by a prominent bony extension on its anterior side called the

carpal tunnel

Together, the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum form a passageway called the

interphalangeal joint

is one of the articulations between adjacent phalanges of the digits.

pelvic girdle

(hip girdle) is formed by a single bone

hip bone or coxal bone

(coxal = “hip”), which serves as the attachment point for each lower limb.

ilium

is the fan-like, superior region that forms the largest part of the hip bone.

ischium

forms the posteroinferior region of each hip bone.

sacroiliac joint

It is firmly united to the sacrum at the largely immobile

pubis

forms the anterior portion of the hip bone.

pubic symphysis

The pubis curves medially, where it joins to the pubis of the opposite hip bone at a specialized joint called the

iliac crest

This curved, superior margin of the ilium is the

anterior superior iliac spine

The rounded, anterior termination of the iliac crest is the

anterior inferior iliac spine

Inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine is a rounded protuberance called the

auricular surface of the ilium

This is located at the inferior end of a large, roughened area called the

iliac fossa

The shallow depression located on the anteromedial (internal) surface of the upper ilium is called the

greater sciatic notch

The large, inverted U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the lower ilium is called the

ischial ramus

Projecting superiorly and anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity is a narrow segment of bone called the

lesser sciatic notch

The slightly curved posterior margin of the ischium above the ischial tuberosity is the

ischial spine

The bony projection separating the lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch is the

pubic body

The enlarged medial portion of the pubis is the

pubic tubercle

Located superiorly on the pubic body is a small bump called the

inferior pubic ramus

Extending downward and laterally from the body is the

pubic arch

is the bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the adjacent pubic bones.

subpubic angle

The inverted V-shape formed as the ischiopubic rami from both sides come together at the pubic symphysis is called the

acetabulum

The three areas of each hip bone, the ilium, pubis, and ischium, converge centrally to form a deep, cup-shaped cavity called the

obturator foramen

The large opening in the anteroinferior hip bone between the ischium and pubis is the

sacrospinous ligament

runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine

sacrotuberous ligament

runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity.

greater sciatic foramen

The superior opening is the

greater pelvis

The broad, superior region, defined laterally by the large, fan-like portion of the upper hip bone, is called the ___ (greater pelvic cavity; false pelvis).

pelvic brim

(also known as the pelvic inlet) forms the superior margin of the lesser pelvis, separating it from the greater pelvis.

pelvic outlet

The inferior limit of the lesser pelvic cavity is called the

thigh

is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint.

leg

is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint.

femur

is the single bone of the thigh.

patella

is the kneecap and articulates with the distal femur.

tibia

is the larger, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg, and the fibula is the thin bone of the lateral leg.

tarsal bone

The posterior portion of the foot is formed by a group of seven bones, each of which is known as a

phalanx bone of the foot

The toes contain 14 small bones, each of which is a