Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton

shallow depression

The ________ located on the anteromedial (internal) surface of the upper ilium is called the iliac fossa.

Superior

________ to the spine is the narrow supraspinous fossa, and inferior to the spine is the broad infraspinous fossa.

trapezium

The distal bones (lateral to medial) are the ________ " (table), "________ ("resembles a table), "capitate ("head- shaped), "and hamate ("hooked bone) "bones.

Subpubic angle

________ is less than 70 degrees.

lateral tibial condyle

It articulates with the inferior aspect of the ________, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint.

**scapula**

The **_** (shoulder blade) lies on the posterior aspect of the shoulder. 

**clavicle**

which also articulates with the humerus (arm bone) to form the shoulder joint.

metatarsal bone

Each ________ articulates with the proximal phalanx of a toe to form a metatarsophalangeal joint.

Pelvic inlet

________ has a round or oval shape.

**sternal end of the clavicle**

has a triangular shape and articulates with the manubrium portion of the sternum. 

Subpubic angle

________ is greater than 80 degrees.

**sternoclavicular joint**

which is the only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton.

Pelvic inlet

________ is heart- shaped.

The clavicle has three regions

the medial end, the lateral end, and the shaft

The sternoclavicular joint is indirectly supported by the costoclavicular ligament (costo

= "rib"), which spans the sternal end of the clavicle and the underlying first rib

The more medial of these areas is the trochlea, a spindle

or pulley-shaped region (trochlea = "pulley"), which articulates with the ulna bone

The pelvis consists of four bones

the right and left hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx

**acromial end of the clavicle**

articulates with the acromion of the scapula, the portion of the scapula that forms the bony tip of the shoulder.

**suprascapular notch**

is located lateral to the midpoint of the superior border.

**superior angle of the scapula**

located between the medial and superior borders

**inferior angle of the scapula**

located between the medial and lateral borders.

**glenohumeral joint**

(shoulder joint)

**spine of the scapula**

is a long and prominent ridge that runs across its upper portion.

**acromion or acromial process**

Extending laterally from the spine is a flattened and expanded region.

**acromioclavicular joint**

The acromion forms the bony tip of the superior shoulder region and articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle

**coracoclavicular ligament**

The primary support for the acromioclavicular joint comes from a very strong ligament

**humerus**

is the single bone of the upper arm

**ulna**

(medially) and the radius (laterally) are the paired bones of the forearm.

**carpal bone**

The base of the hand contains eight bones

**carpal bone**

The base of the hand contains eight bones, each called a

**metacarpal bone**

 the palm of the hand is formed by five bones, each called a

**greater tubercle**

Located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus is an expanded bony area called the

**deltoid tuberosity**

is a roughened, V-shaped region located on the lateral side in the middle of the humerus shaft.

**medial epicondyle of the humerus**

The prominent bony projection on the medial side is the

**lateral supracondylar ridge**

The roughened ridge of bone above the lateral epicondyle is the

**radial fossa**

 above the capitulum

**coronoid fossa**

which receives the coronoid process of the ulna

**trochlear notch**

The proximal end of the ulna resembles a crescent wrench with its large, C-shaped

**coronoid process of the ulna**

The inferior margin of the trochlear notch is formed by a prominent lip of bone called the

**radial notch of the ulna**

To the lateral side and slightly inferior to the trochlear notch is a small, smooth area called the

**ulnar tuberosity**

Just below this on the anterior ulna is a roughened area called the

**proximal radioulnar joint**

This area is the site of articulation between the proximal radius and the ulna, forming the

**interosseous border of the ulna**

 The lateral side of the shaft forms a ridge called the

**head of the ulna**

The small, rounded area that forms the distal end is the

**styloid process of the ulna**

  a short bony projection.

**scaphoid**

(“boat-shaped”)

**lunate**

(“moon-shaped”)

**triquetrum**

(“three-cornered”)

**pisiform**

(“pea-shaped”)

**trapezium**

(“table”)

 **trapezoid**

(“resembles a table”)

 **capitate**

(“head-shaped”)

 **hamate**

(“hooked bone”)

***hook of the hamate bone***

The hamate bone is characterized by a prominent bony extension on its anterior side called the

**carpal tunnel**

Together, the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum form a passageway called the

**interphalangeal joint**

is one of the articulations between adjacent phalanges of the digits.

**pelvic girdle**

(hip girdle) is formed by a single bone

**hip bone** or **coxal bone**

(coxal = “hip”), which serves as the attachment point for each lower limb.

**ilium**

is the fan-like, superior region that forms the largest part of the hip bone.

**ischium**

forms the posteroinferior region of each hip bone.

**sacroiliac joint**

It is firmly united to the sacrum at the largely immobile

**pubis**

forms the anterior portion of the hip bone.

**pubic symphysis**

The pubis curves medially, where it joins to the pubis of the opposite hip bone at a specialized joint called the

**iliac crest**

This curved, superior margin of the ilium is the

**anterior superior iliac spine**

The rounded, anterior termination of the iliac crest is the

**anterior inferior iliac spine**

Inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine is a rounded protuberance called the

**auricular surface of the ilium**

This is located at the inferior end of a large, roughened area called the

**iliac fossa**

The shallow depression located on the anteromedial (internal) surface of the upper ilium is called the

**greater sciatic notch**

The large, inverted U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the lower ilium is called the

**ischial ramus**

Projecting superiorly and anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity is a narrow segment of bone called the

l**esser sciatic notch**

The slightly curved posterior margin of the ischium above the ischial tuberosity is the

**ischial spine**

The bony projection separating the lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch is the

**pubic body**

The enlarged medial portion of the pubis is the

**pubic tubercle**

Located superiorly on the pubic body is a small bump called the

**inferior pubic ramus**

Extending downward and laterally from the body is the

**pubic arch**

is the bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the adjacent pubic bones.

**subpubic angle**

The inverted V-shape formed as the ischiopubic rami from both sides come together at the pubic symphysis is called the

**acetabulum**

The three areas of each hip bone, the ilium, pubis, and ischium, converge centrally to form a deep, cup-shaped cavity called the

**obturator foramen**

The large opening in the anteroinferior hip bone between the ischium and pubis is the

**sacrospinous ligament**

runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine

**sacrotuberous ligament**

runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity.

**greater sciatic foramen**

The superior opening is the

**greater pelvis**

The broad, superior region, defined laterally by the large, fan-like portion of the upper hip bone, is called the **___** (greater pelvic cavity; false pelvis).

**pelvic brim**

(also known as the pelvic inlet) forms the superior margin of the lesser pelvis, separating it from the greater pelvis.

**pelvic outlet**

The inferior limit of the lesser pelvic cavity is called the

**thigh**

is that portion of the lower limb located between the hip joint and knee joint.

**leg**

is specifically the region between the knee joint and the ankle joint.

**femur**

is the single bone of the thigh. 

**patella**

is the kneecap and articulates with the distal femur.

**tibia**

is the larger, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg, and the **fibula** is the thin bone of the lateral leg.

**tarsal bone**

The posterior portion of the foot is formed by a group of seven bones, each of which is known as a

**phalanx bone of the foot**

The toes contain 14 small bones, each of which is a