USA Knowledge Organiser

What were the areas that held strong religious views in America known as?

What were the areas that held strong religious views in America known as?

Bible Belt

What was the name for the Protestants who believed the Bible word?

Fundamentalists

What did 6 states, including Tennessee, ban the teaching of?

Evolution

Who was the teacher who deliberately broke the law and taught evolution?

Johnny Scopes

He was put on trial. What did this trial become known as?

Monkey Trial

Which leading Fundamentalist led the case for the prosecution?

William Jennings Bryan

Who was Scopes' lawyer?

Clarence Darrow

Where did the trial take place?

Dayton, Tennessee

The trial caught the country's imagination. The trial was less about the case and more about what?

Conservative America Vs Progressive America

Scopes was found guilty. How much was he fined?

$100

How was Native Americans destroyed?

Killed buffalo, Christianity, take away power of tribal chiefs.

Where were Native American children sent?

Boarding schools

How did the settlers treat the Native Americans?

As inferior - cheating them out of land

In what year was the Meriam report made which said the boarding schools were underfunded?

1928

What was passed in 1887 that gave the government the right to take away 86m acres of Native American land?

Allotment Act

In what year were Native Americans granted US citizenship and given the right to vote?

1924

What changed for Native Americans after this?

Very little

What percentage of America's Black population lived in the South in 1900?

75%

What were the laws that segregated black people from whites known as?

Jim Crow Laws

What two facilities in particular were poorer for Blacks than Whites?

Health and Education

In theory, what should segregation have been for Blacks?

'Separate but equal'

In certain states, what did black people have to pass in order to be able to vote?

Literacy test

Black people moved North to look for work and gain a better life from 1916-20. What was this period known as?

Great Migration

Where did Black people often end up living once they moved North?

Ghettos How many Black people were killed in the Chicago race riot of 1920?/38

Despite racism, in which states was there a growing Black middle class?

Chicago and New York

Which peaceful anti-racism organisation was founded by William Du Bois?

NAACP

The Ku Klux Klan was originally founded to establish what?

White supremacy

It was re-established in 1915 by who?

William Simmons

Which film was released in 1915 that inspired the re-emergence of the KKK?

The Birth of a Nation

Who was allowed to join the Klan?

WASPs

White Anglo-Saxon Protestants

By 1925 how many members were there?

5 million

What was a symbol of their night time meetings, which was also used to intimidate?

Burning cross

What did many members wear and carry?

White cloaks, American flag

Who were the strongest supporters of the Klan?

White, working-class in the south

Who were the high profile members?

Two US senators from Georgia and governor of Alabama

What violent acts were the Klan associated with?

Lynching, killings, mutilation, floggings, tar and feather

Support fell from 1925 after which Grand Dragon was found guilty of rape and mutilation of a woman on a train?

D C Stephenson

What did the Temperance Movement protest against?

Drinking alcohol

Name the main anti-alcohol group in America leading up to Prohibition

Anti-Saloon League

Give five reasons 'the dries' wanted alcohol banned.

Against God's teaching, German brewers, link to Bolshevism, waste of grain, damaging families

Which Amendment introduced Prohibition?

18th

Which law put the Amendment into action in 1920?

Volstead Act

Which State never enforced Prohibition?

Maryland

What is the name given to the illegal homemade whiskey?

Moonshine

In New York by 1925 how many illegal bars were there?

100,000

Who was appointed the Prohibition Commissioner?

John F Kramer

In 1920 the total number of drink related arrests was 20,443, how many was it in 1925?

58,517

Which city experienced the worst gangland violence associated with Prohibition?

Chicago

Who did Al Capone inherit his criminal organisation from?

John Torrio

Name the suburb of Chicago taken over by Al Capone?

Cicero

What was the date of the St. Valentine's Day massacre?

14th February 1929

In this massacre, 7 members of whose gang were murdered?

Bugs Moran

Name the corrupt mayor of Chicago.

Big Bill Thompson

Between 1927-31 how many gangland murders went unpunished in Chicago?

227

Which gang leader did Capone have killed in his own flower shop?

Dion O'Bannion

What was Al Capone eventually sent to prison for?

Tax evasion

What was Al Capone's estimated annual income?

$100m

Who was president from 1920-23?

Warren G Harding

He gave positions in government to his friends who were often dishonest and inefficient. What were they known as?

The Ohio Gang

Why was the Attorney-General sacked?

Selling liquor (alcohol) permits

Who was appointed by Harding as Alien Property Custodian in 1921 but convicted of defrauding the government in 1927?

Thomas Miller

In early 1900s, large oil reserves were discovered where?

Teapot Dome

It was decided that the land and oil reserves were to be set aside for who?

The navy

In 1921, the Secretary of the Interior secretly began to lease to two friends of his for large sums of money. What was his name?

Albert Fall

What were the names of his two friends?

Harry Sinclair and Edward Doheny

When it was revealed what was going on in 1922, how did President Harding respond?

"the policy had my approval"

Harding's health gave way and he died while on holiday in Alaska, when?

August 1923

Fall was forced to resign after Doheny admitted he had 'lent' Fall how much?

$100,000

In 1929, Fall was found guilty of accepting a bribe. What was his punishment?

One year in prison and $100,000 fine

The next president, Calvin Coolidge was seen as mean and respectable. What was his nickname?

Honest Cal

WWI began in 1914 but when did America enter?

April 1917

The British needed munitions to fight so paid America for them. How many Allied shells (bombs) were made in America?

Half

With most of Europe fighting, they stopped producing goods so had to buy from America. Aside from munitions, what else did Europe buy from America?

Coal and farm produce

How much did Allied governments borrow from America by 1918?

$10.25bn

Through lending money to other countries and profiting from the interest, America became what?

A creditor nation

Mass production made products more quickly and cheaply using what?

Assembly lines

Henry Ford pioneered mass production when producing what car?

Model Ten Ford

As a result of mass production, cars became cheaper in price, from $950 before the war to how much in 1925?

$290

Mass production allowed more than one car a minute to be produced. In1920 there were 8 million cars. How many were there by 1930?

23 million

Name 4 other industries that the car had a positive impact on.

Steel, glass, rubber, oil, road construction, tourism

What percentage of families owned a radio by 1930?

40%

In 1914 only 30% of factories had electricity. How many had electricity by 1929?

70%

Electricity and mass production helped the development of new technologies. Name 4 new technologies that increased in demand.

Fridges, washing machines, electric cleaners, cookers

With the economy booming, what happened to average wages?

Increased

Immigration from Germany, Scandinavia, Italy, Poland, Russia etc provided the economy with what?

A cheap workforce

Unemployment was always low during this period. It never rose above what percentage?

5%

Advertising became a powerful way of increasing demand for goods. Where did adverts begin to appear?

Newspapers, magazines, billboards, cinemas and radios

Customers were encouraged to buy goods but pay for them in instalments over time. What was this known as?

Hire purchase

Borrowing money from banks to pay for goods was known as what?

Credit

How did credit and hire purchase help the economy?

Helped businesses sell more goods so more workers employed

Buying goods through catalogues also increased demand. What was this known as?

Mail Order

Where did people buy and sell shares in companies?

Wall Street

What happened to the value of shares during the boom period?

Rose

One way people made money through shares was being paid part of the company's profits. What was this known as?

A dividend

Another way of making money through shares was buying and then selling them at a profit once the price rose. What was this known as?

Speculation

Buying shares using 'hire purchase' was known as what?

Buying on the margin

In 1926, 451 million shares were traded. How many were traded in 1927?

577 million

By the end of the 1920s, how many Americans were dealing in shares?

25 million

The government policy of allowing businesses and individuals freedom to be prosperous and dynamic was known as what?

Laissez-faire