Molecules of Life
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14 Terms
What are the four major biomolecules of life?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Why are molecules grouped by structure?
Because structure determines function in biological molecules
What features help identify a biomolecule?
Elements present
Functional groups
Polarity
Overall structure
What is a protein?
A large biological molecule made of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
What two functional groups are found in an amino acid?
Amino group (NH₂)
Carboxylic acid group (COOH)
What elements are found in proteins?
C, H, O, N
Sometimes S
What type of polarity do proteins usually have?
Polar and often charged
What determines the unique properties of amino acids?
The R group (side chain).
What is a carbohydrate?
A polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone.
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Usually 1:2:1 ratio
What functional groups are found in carbohydrates?
Alcohol (OH)
Aldehyde
Ketone
Are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?
polar
Why are carbohydrates usually polar?
Because they contain many OH groups.
What forms can carbohydrates exist in?
Open chain
Ring (cyclic)
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