b5- communicable diseases

list 4 main types of pathogens

viruses,bacteria,fungi,protists

how are infections caused?

when a forgein pathogen infects a organism

whats a pathogen

a microogrganism that cause diseases

whats a viruse

smallest type of microbe that cant reproduce without another cell

how do viruses reproduce

viruses live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage

communicable disease

A disease that can be spread from one person to another by a pathogen

3 ways to prevent spreading diseases by pathogens

washing hands,using disinfectants,isolating raw meat,use tissues when sneezing, reduce contact with infected individuals,use pesticides or insectisides and removing their habitat,vaccinating people to make them immune to infection,more vaccinated less likely the disease spreads

non communicable disease

A disease which cant be spread from one person to another by a pathogen

2 types of diseases

communicable and non communicable

3 ways(pathogens) infectious diseases are spread

direct contact,water,air

where do some pathogens live?

on the surface of the skin

how is diseases spread by direct contact

touching contaminated surfaces, eg kissing,direct skin to skin

how is diseases spread by water

drinking or coming into contact with dirty water

how is diseases spread by air list a eg

pathogens can be carried in the air and then breathed in for eg droplet infection

droplet infection

sneezing,coughing expels pathogens in droplets which can be inhaled

give an eg of a protists disease

malaria

list 3 viral diseases

tmv,hiv,mealses

list 2 bacterial diseases

gonorrhoea,samonella

list a fungal disease

rose black spot

herd immunity

most of a population are vaccinated to help reduce the spread of a infection

antriretroviral drugs(to stop aids)

prevent virus replicating in our body

how is measles spread?

droplet infection

how is hiv spread?

by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids like blood

2 eg of hiv

eg unprotected sex,people share needles

2 symptoms of measles

red skin rash,fever

how to prevent measles?

young children vaccinated to reduce transmission

hiv symptoms

flu like symptoms,then the virus attacks the immune system leading to aids

aids

caused by hiv

how to prevent hiv

dont share needles,use condoms

what organism does tmv affect

plants like tobacco and tomato plants

prevent tmv

field hygeine and pest control,growing tmv resistant strains

hows tmv spread

contact between diseaased and healthy plants, insects act as vectors

symptoms that tmv causes

tmv causes leaves to discolour in a mosaic pattern, so photosynthesis cant take place in the discolored patches so the plant cant produce enough sugars for growth

rose black spot symptoms (fungal)

purple or black spots on leaves,y. reduces the area available for photosynthesis,so reduces growth,leaves turn yellow and drop off early

prevent rose black spot

use fungicides or chop affected parts of the leaves off and then burn it so the fungi cant spread the disease to any other plant

how is rose black spot spread?

the spores of the fungus are spread in the water(rain) or the wind

how are malaria (protists diseases) spread?

by protists reproduce sexually. when the mosquito,punctures the skin to feed on blood,protists enter the human bloodstream via their saliva

how to prevent protists diseases e.g malaira

use mosquito nets,remove stagant water to prevent the vectors from breeding,antimalarial drugs to kill parasites that enter the blood

malaria symptoms

fever ,shaking

list 4 samonella food poisoning symptoms

fever,stomach cramps,diarrheoa,vomiting

how is samonella food poisoning spread

bacteria found in raw eggs and meat,unhygenic conditions

samonella food poisoning prevented

poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread,wash hands and surfaces when handling it,,cook food thoroughly

gonorrhoea symptoms

thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis,pain when urinating

gonorrhoea prevented

using contraception like condoms and antibiotics

how is gonorrhoea spread

its a std spread through unprotected sexual contact

why are bacterial disease are on the rise

they are becoming resistant to antibiotics

how do viruses work

they move into cells and use the biochemistry of it to make many copies of itself leading to the cell bursting and relasing all copies into the bloodstream. the damage and destruction of the cells makes the person feel ill