Nucleus

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Biology

Cells

University/Undergrad

Last updated 10:07 AM on 2/25/23
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35 Terms

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Nuclear envelope, Nucleolus, Chromatin, Nucleoplasm
what are the components of a nucleus
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nuclear envelope
part of a nucleus that is selectively permeable
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chromatins
Forms chromosomes within the nucleus
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heterochromatin and euchromatin
2 forms of chromatin
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heterochromatin
Transcriptionally inactive
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euchromatin
Transcriptionally active
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euchromatin
Loosely-packed
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Heterochromatin
Densely-packed
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Heterochromatin
Stains darkly
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euchromatin
Stains lightly
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Heterochromatin
Barr body in female
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Diploid
2(n)
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Haploid
23 chromosomes
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Haploid
1 set of chromosome
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Haploid
22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome (X or Y)
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Diploid
44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosome (XY, XX
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Nucleolus
Spherical, highly basophilic subdomain of nuclei
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Nucleolus
Active in protein synthesis (ribosomal RNA production)
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THE CELL CYCLE
Sequence of events that controls cell growth and division
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G1
Time gap between mitosis and DNA replication Longest and most variable phase Accumulate the enzymes and nucleotides required for DNA replication
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S
DNA synthesis DNA replication, histone synthesis, and the beginning of centrosome duplication.
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G2
Between DNA replication and next mitosis Accumulate proteins required for mitosis
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G0
Cell cycle arrest when cells terminally differentiate or in quiescence
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Mitosis
The only cell cycle that can be observed in light microscopy
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Prophase
Chromosomes condense Nuclear envelope disassembles Microtubular spindle forms
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Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned
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Anaphase
Chromosomes begin to separate toward the 2 centrosomes
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Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforms around separated chromosomes Ends with cytokinesis (cell cleavage of 2 daughter cells)
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STEM CELLS
Primitive cells that have the potential to differentiate into different cell types
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Labile
Continuously dividing Hematopoietic cells and surface epithelia (skin, uterine lining) Can regenerate after injury as long as pool of stem cells is preserved
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Stable
Quiescent (G0 phase) with minimal proliferative activity in their normal state. Solid tissues (liver, kidney, pancreas) Limited capacity to regenerate after injury except liver.
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Permanent
Terminally differentiated and non-proliferative Skeletal muscle, brain, heart
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Spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells (23) from primordial germ cells (46).
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Oogenesis
production of egg cells (23) from primordial germ cells (46).
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APOPTOSIS
Programmed cell death