Election 0f 1800 and Jefferson’s 1st Administration

Who took over as president from John Adams in 1800?

Thomas Jefferson

What significant action did Jefferson take regarding government personnel during his presidency?

He slowly replaced nearly all members of the government with people from his Republican party.

What was the primary aim of the Judiciary Act of 1801?

To remove Federalist judges appointed by John Adams.

What Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What did the Marbury v. Madison decision imply about the Supreme Court's powers?

It stated that the Supreme Court had the right to invalidate acts of Congress.

What was a notable feature of Jefferson's lifestyle?

He dressed simply and didn’t put on a show.

What major treaty granted lands in the Mississippi Valley and New Orleans to the French?

Treaty of San Ildefonso

What dilemma did Jefferson face regarding New Orleans in 1802?

Whether to start a war with France to open the port of New Orleans or to maintain political support from merchants.

What was the cost of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?

$15 million dollars or $80 million francs.

What was Jefferson's concern regarding the constitutionality of the Louisiana Purchase?

He was unsure whether the Constitution permitted such a land purchase.

Who were the explorers appointed by Jefferson to explore the West?

Lewis and Clark.

What incident involved Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton in 1804?

Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, which resulted in Hamilton's death.

What highlighted the weakness of a weak central government in the United States during Jefferson's presidency?

The Burr incident where Burr plotted to seize Mexico.

Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Marbury v. Madison case?

John Marshall.

What action did Jefferson take that led to the reduction of the federal debt from $83 million to $45 million?

He worked with Congress to abolish internal taxes.

What did horse racing in America originate?

It started in the American colonies in Garden City, Long Island in 1665.

What was the significance of the United States Military Academy at West Point established in 1802?

It was established by Jefferson as he reduced the size of the military.

What was the primary reason for the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?

To secure control of the Mississippi River and ensure westward expansion for the United States.

What was the name of the expedition that aimed to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory?

The Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Who was Sacagawea and why was she significant to the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Sacagawea was a Shoshone woman who served as a guide and translator for Lewis and Clark.

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

A law passed by Jefferson that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.

What was one outcome of the Embargo Act of 1807?

It led to significant economic distress in the United States.

What was Jefferson's view on federal government power?

He believed in a limited federal government and greater power for the states.

What was the significance of the term 'Midnight Judges'?

These were judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his presidency to maintain Federalist control.

What doctrine did the Supreme Court establish in the case of Marbury v. Madison?

Judicial review, giving the Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

How did Jefferson address the judicial appointments made by Adams?

He sought to repeal many of these appointments to reduce Federalist influence.

What event marked a turning point in U.S. foreign relations during Jefferson's presidency?

The Tripolitan War against piracy in North Africa.