physics paper 1

Flashcards for AQA Physics exam review.

What are the Different Types of Energy?

Gravitational potential energy, electrical energy, elastic potential energy, kinetic energy, sounds energy, light energy, nuclear energy, chemical energy, heat or thermal energy.

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it is only transformed into another type of energy.

What is the Kinetic Energy Formula?

Kinetic energy is equal to half times mass times velocity squared. Measured in joules, kilograms, and meters per second, respectively.

What is the Elastic Potential Energy Formula?

Elastic potential energy is equal to half times the spring constant times extension squared. Measured in joules, meters, and newtons per meter, respectively.

What is the Gravitational Potential Energy Formula?

Gravitational potential energy is equal to mass times gravity times height. Measured in joules, kilograms, newtons per kilogram, and meters, respectively.

What is the Change in Thermal Energy Formula?

Change in thermal energy is equal to mass times specific heat capacity times change in temperature. Measured in joules, kilograms, joules per kilogram degrees C, and degrees C, respectively.

What is the Power Formula (Energy Transferred)?

Power is equal to energy transferred over time. Units are watts, joules, and seconds.

What is the Power Formula (Work Done)?

Power is equal to work done over time. Units are watts, joules, and seconds.

What is Wasted Energy?

Energy that comes out of a situation that we didn't intend for it to be there and dissipates into the surroundings.

What is the Efficiency Formula?

Useful energy out over total energy in, expressed as a percentage or a decimal.

What is the Efficiency Formula (Power)?

Power out over total power in, expressed as a percentage or a decimal.

What is a Renewable Source?

Source that isn't going to run out and we can get more of it (e.g., the sun, the wind, water).

What is a Finite Source?

Source that is going to run out (e.g., coal, oil, gas, or nuclear power).

What are the different Circuit Symbols?

Cell, battery, ammeter, voltmeter, lamp/bulb, diode, LED, resistor, variable resistor, fuse, thermistor, LDR, closed switch, open switch.

What is a Series Circuit?

Circuit where you can run your finger the whole way through from the battery to all the components.

What is a Parallel Circuit?

Circuit that has branches or ladders.

What is Charge?

The value of electricity flowing through a circuit, measured in coulombs.

What is Current?

The flow of electrons, measured in amps.

What is Potential Difference?

What pushes the current around, measured in volts.

What is Resistance?

Anything that slows down the current, measured in ohms.

What is the Charge Formula?

Charge equals current times time. Measured in coulombs, amps, and seconds, respectively.

What is the Potential Difference Formula?

Potential difference equals current times resistance. Measured in volts, amps, and ohms, respectively.

What do Current Potential Difference Graphs look like?

Resistor at a constant temperature, filament bulb, diode, thermistor, light dependent resistor.

What is the Current in a Series Circuit?

The current is the same wherever you look at it.

What is the Current in a Parallel Circuit?

The current gets split.

What is the rule for Resistors in Series?

Total resistance is them added together.

What is the rule for Resistors in Parallel?

Total resistance is one over resistance or resistor number one, plus one over resistance and resistor number two, and so on.

What is the Mains electricity in The UK?

230 volts and 50 hertz.

What are the Parts of a Plug Socket?

Fuse, live wire, earth wire, neutral wire, pins, cable grip, cable, plastic casing.

What is the Power Formula (Potential Difference & Current)?

Power is equal to potential difference times current. Measured in watts, volts, and amps, respectively.

What is the Power Formula (Current & Resistance)?

Power is equal to the current squared times the resistance. Measured in watts, amps, and ohms, respectively.

What is the Energy Formula (Power & Time)?

Energy is equal to power times time. Measured in joules, watts, and seconds, respectively.

What is the Energy Formula (Charge & Potential Difference)?

Energy is equal to charge times potential difference. Measured in joules, coulombs, and volts, respectively.

What is the National Grid?

Generates the electricity and moves it to a step up transformer, then through a network of cables and pylons, this gets moved across the country to a step down transformer and then into our houses.

What does a Step Up Transformer do?

Turns a low voltage into a high voltage so that the energy can move through a system, electricity can move through system with less energy loss making it more efficient.

What does a Step Down Transformer do?

Takes it from a high voltage into a low voltage so it's safe to be in our homes.

What are Solid Particles like?

In a fixed position, they do vibrate but very slightly and it is around a fixed position. They do not move around.

What are Liquid Particles like?

Move around much more. They're still touching each other but they're not in a fixed position, they are moving about randomly. It's still rather limited movement. It's still within a confined space.

What are Gas Particles like?

Free to move and zip around all over the place.

What is the Density Equation?

Rho equals mass over volume. Mass is measured in kilograms, volume is measured in meters cubed, and density is measured in kilograms per meters cubed.

What is the Specific Heat Capacity Equation?

Change in energy equals mass times specific heat capacity times change in temperature. Energy in joules, mass in kilograms, change in temperature in degrees C, and specific heat capacity is joules per kilogram degrees C.

What is the Specific Latent Heat Equation?

Energy equals mass times specific latent heat. Energy in joules, mass in kilograms, and specific latent heat is joules per kilogram.

What is the Size of an Atom?

An atom is incredibly tiny. Its size is 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers, which is one times 10 to the minus 10 to five times 10 to the minus 10 meters.

What are Protons and Neutrons?

Particles located in the nucleus, whereas electrons are in the outer shells.

What is the Mass Number?

Larger number, equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

What is the Atomic Number?

Smaller number, equal to the number of protons and also equal to the number of electrons in an atom.

What is an Ion?

Created when an atom has lost or gained electrons.

What is an Isotope?

An atom that has a different number of neutrons.

What is the history of the Model of the Atom Over Time?

Solid sphere, plum pudding model, positive enter, nuclear model.

What is Alpha Radiation also known as?

Also known as the helium nuclei.

What is Beta Radiation also known as?

Also known as an electron.

What is Gamma Radiation?

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it's a wave.

What is Half Life?

The time it takes a half the radioactive atoms to decay into something else.

How is Radiation Measured?

Measured using a geiger muller tube.The unit for radiation is the becquerel.

What is the Pressure Equation?

Volume times a constant. Units of pressure are Pascals, units for volume are meters cubed.

What is Static Electricity?

An object that isn't normally being charged becoming charged. That happens when two insulators rub together.

What are the Sources of Background Radiation?

Radon gas, medical x-rays, stuff from the ground, food and drink, cosmic radiation, testing of nuclear weapons, plane travel, nuclear power stations.

How is Radioactivity used (Gamma Radiation)?

Cancer treatment and sterilizing materials.

How is Radioactivity used (Beta Radiation)?

Testing the thickness of foil or cardboard.

How is Radioactivity used (Alpha Radiation)?

Smoke alarms.

What is Nuclear Fission?

The breaking apart of atoms, first neutron is fired out of something, and it hits our heavy, heavy, radioactive element.

What is Nuclear Fusion?

Nuclei fuse together to make one nuclei, one large nuclei. It's gonna be combined with the release of energy.