ap psych - unit 7 (m.e.s.h. mods)

koch - 22-23

basal metabolic rate

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Cannon-Bard Theory

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers

* (1) physiological responses and
* (2) the subjective experience of emotion

coronary heart disease

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Drive-Reduction Theory

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

estrogens

 sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. in nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

Emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving

* (1) physiological arousal
* (2) expressive behaviors, and
* (3) conscious experience

Facial Feedback Effect

the tendency of facial muscles states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

health psychology

Glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. when level is low, we feel hunger 

General Adaptation Syndrome

(gas) selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Homeostasis

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Hierarchy of Needs

maslows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the phase with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Instinct

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

James-Lange Theory

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Lymphocytes

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: b lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; t lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances

Motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

incentive

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior 

polygraph

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion

Psychophysiological Illness

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches

Psychoneuroimmunology

the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting heath 

Refractory period

* (1) a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.
* (2) a resting period after an orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another 

set point

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Sexual dysfunction

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Stress

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

testosterone

 the most important of the male sex hormones. both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

two-factory theory

 the schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion must

* (1) be physically aroused and
* (2) cognitively label the arousal

tend and befriend response

under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond and seek support with from others (befriend)

Type A

friedman and rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-working, impatient, verbally aggressive and anger prone people

Type B

friedman and rosenman’s terms for easygoing, relaxed people

Yerkes-Dodson Law

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases 

Abraham Maslow

founder of humanistic psychology, created the hierarchy of needs to address physiological needs, and a sense of belonging, love, esteem, and self actualization

Virginia Johnson

worked with william masters to look into human natures sexual response and dysfunction 

Stanley Schachter

created the two factory theory of emotion, they experimented with college students

William Masters

american gynecologist. worked with virginia johnson. he wanted to research the nature of human sexual response and diagnose/treat sexual dysfunction

William James

wrote the first textbook on psychology in 1890. leader in the functionalist movement

Hans Selye

created the general adaptation syndrome