\________, a minister in Salem Bay settlement, taught that church and state should be separate.
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Columbus arrival
\________ initiated a long period of European expansion and colonialism in the Americas.
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Virginia Company
In 1618, the \________ introduced the headright system as a means of attracting new settlers to the region and addressing the labor shortage created by the emergence of tobacco farming.
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Colombus
In August of 1492, \________ used three caravels, supplied and funded by the Spanish crown, to set sail toward India.
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Anne Hutchinson
\________ was a woman in a resolutely patriarchal society which turned many against her.
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Native Americans
\________ had their own complex societies, cultures, and religions.
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Indian War
French played a significant role in the French and \________ (1754- 1763) but overall had a much lighter impact on native peoples compared to Spanish and English.
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1619
In \________, Virginia established the House of Burgesses, in which any property- holding, white male could vote.
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North America
\________ was populated by Native Americans, not to be confused with native- born Americans.
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1620
In \________, Separatists set sail for Virginia on the Mayflower, but went off course and landed in modern- day Massachusetts.
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New England
Slavery was rare in \________, but farms in middle and southern colonies were much larger, requiring large numbers of enslaved Africans.
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English
Intermarriage was common between Spanish and French settlers and the natives in their colonized territories (though rare among \________ and Dutch settlers)
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middle leg
Was the \________ of the triangular trade route among the colonies, Europe, and Africa.
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South Carolina
\________ had a larger proportion of enslaved Africans than European settlers.
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English Calvinists
\________ led a Protestant movement called Puritanism in the 16th century.
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Intercontinental trade
\________ became more organized with the creation of joint- stock companies, corporate businesses with shareholders whose mission was to settle and develop lands in North America.
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Roman Catholic Church
The \________ was the dominant religious institution in western Europe.
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Jamestown
\________ was funded by a joint- stock company, a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king.
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colony
A(n) \________ is a territory settled and controlled by a foreign power.
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Spain
Englands first attempt to settle North America came a year prior to its victory over \________, in 1587, when Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored a settlement on Roanoke Island (now part of North Carolina)
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Anne Hutchinson
\________, a prominent proponent of antinomianism, banished for challenging Puritan beliefs and authority of Puritan clergy.
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North America
\________ was home to hundreds of tribes, cities and societies.
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1619
\________ also marks the introduction of slavery to the English colonies.
In \________, Massachusetts became a royal colony under new monarchs, suffrage was extended to all Protestants.
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Slavery
\________ played a major role on plantations, but majority of Southerners were subsistence farmers.
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Penn
\________ made a treaty with the Delawares to take only as much land as could be walked by a man in three days.
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North American continent
Colonies on the \________ were seen primarily as markets for British and West Indian goods, but also as sources of raw materials.
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New England
Slavery was rare in \________, but farms in middle and southern colonies were much larger, requiring large numbers of enslaved Africans.
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South Carolina
\________ had a larger proportion of enslaved Africans than European settlers.
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England
\________ regulated trade and government in its colonies but interfered in colonial affairs as little as possible.
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Charles II of England
In 1664, \________ waged war against the Dutch Republic and captured New Netherland.
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Molasses Act
\________ of 1733, imposed an exorbitant tax upon the importation of sugar from the French West Indies.
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Governor
\________ had powers similar to the king, but also dependent on colonial legislatures for money.
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Autonomy
\________ allowed eased transition to independence in following century.
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William Penn
\________, a Quaker, received colony as a gift from King Charles II.
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Dutch Republic
\________ was largest commercial power of the century and economic rival of the British.
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Navigation
\________ Acts passed between 1651 and 1673, required colonists to buy goods only from England, sell certain of their products only to England, and import non- English goods via English ports and pay a duty on those imports.
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College of William
\________ and Mary was chartered in the South in 1693.
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Arrival of settlers
\________ from Barbados marked the beginning of the slave era in the colonies.
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West Indies
Colonies were important mostly for economic reasons, which is why the British considered their colonies in the \________ more important than their colonies on the North American continent.
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Nathaniel Bacon
\________, a recent immigrant, rallied the farmers and demanded Governor William Berkeley grant him authority to raise a militia and attack nearby tribes.
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Edwards
\________ preached severe, predeterministic doctrines of Calvinism.
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Navigation Acts
\________ also prohibited the colonies from manufacturing a number of goods that England already produced.
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Slavery
\________ and tobacco played a larger role in the Chesapeake than in the middle colonies.
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Penn
\________ established liberal policies towards religious freedom and civil liberties.
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Literacy rates
\________ in New England were higher due to the Puritan legacy of teaching children to read the Bible.
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John Adams
\________ defended the soldiers in court, helping to establish a tradition of giving a fair trial to all who are accused.
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Colonial newspapers
\________ discuss ways to alter relationship between mother country and colonies.
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William Pitt
\________, the English Prime Minister during the war, was supportive of the colonists and encouraged them to join the war effort.
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Franco American Alliance
\________, negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778, brought the French into the war on the side of the colonists.
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political activity
Women were largely excluded from \________ but had an important civil role and responsibility.
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Jefferson
The animosity between \________ and Hamilton and the growing belligerence between the Federalists and Democratic- Republicans set the ugly, divisive tone for Adamss term.
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Hamilton
\________ (broad constructionist) argued bank implied power of government and not explicitly forbidden by Constitution.
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Adams
\________ sent three diplomats to Paris, where French officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiations even to begin.
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George III
\________ replaced Prime Minister Grenville with Lord Rockingham, who had opposed the Stamp Act.
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New England
Patriots were mostly white Protestant property holders and gentry, as well as urban artisans, especially in \________.
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Sugar Act
The \________ actually lowered the duty on molasses coming into the colonies from the West Indies.
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Mississippi Valley
The treaty gave England control of Canada and almost everything east of the \________.
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George Washington
\________ led a colonial contingent, which attacked a French outpost and lost.
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English settlers
The war was the inevitable result of colonial expansion, where \________ moved into the Ohio Valley, and the French tried to stop them by building fortified outposts.
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Quebec Act
\________ (grants greater liberties to Catholics, extends boundaries of Quebec Territory) further impeding westward expansion, causing further dissatisfaction among colonists.
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Revolutionary War
The \________ became a war for independence with the signing of the Declaration.
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American history
The Declaration has been considered as a seminal document in \________, and has been a source of inspiration for movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
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Alexander Hamilton
\________ was concerned about no uniform commercial policy and fear for the survival of the new republic.
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Federalists
\________ who supported ratification of the Constitution are often the same people as \________ who favored strong federal government.
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Financial plan
\________ called for federal government to assume states 'debts, repay by giving debt holders land on western frontier.
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Public virtue
\________ had been a strictly masculine quality in the past, private virtue emerged as a very important quality for women.
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Indian War
Also called the French and \________, it was actually one of several "wars for empire "fought between the British and the French.
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Sugar Act
\________, Currency Act, and Proclamation of 1763 caused a great deal of discontent in the colonies.
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Goal
enumerate American grievances, develop strategy for addressing grievances, formulate colonial position on relationship between royal government and colonial governments
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Three branches of government
executive, legislative, judicial
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Polk administration
\________ settled territorial dispute by signing treaty with England.
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Great disparity
\________ in distribution of wealth in northern cities, elite few controlled most of the personal wealth and led lives of power and comfort.
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Horace Mann
\________ was instrumental in pushing for public education and education reform in general.
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Cult of domesticity
\________, supported by popular magazines and novels that glorified home life.
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William Crawford
\________ suffered a stroke after the initial election and was not a real contender for the House vote.
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Andrew Jackson
\________ received the greatest number of popular votes and electoral votes but no one had a majority.
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Industrialization
\________ resulted in bigger cities with large (and often impoverished) migrant and immigrant neighborhoods.
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John C Calhoun
In 1828, \________, Jackson's vice president, anonymously published "The South Carolina Exposition and Protest "arguing that states who felt the 50 percent tariff was unfairly high could nullify the law.
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Adams
The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was passed during the \________ administration but almost turned into a national crisis during Jackson's administration.
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Mexico
\________ declared independence from Spain in 1821, included what is now Texas and Southwest.
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Steamships
\________ replaced sailing ships for long sea voyages and railroads replaced land travel.
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Jefferson
\________ sent explorers, among them Lewis and Clark, to investigate the western territories, including much of what was included in the Louisiana territory.
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Power loom
\________ in 1813 allowed manufacturers to produce both thread and finished fabric in own factories quickly and efficiently.
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Inventions of steam
\________ engine and telegraph revolutionized travel and shipping, allowing for faster and more efficient transportation and communication.
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Telegraph
\________ allowed for immediate long- distance communication and widespread use followed its invention almost immediately.
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Midwest
Smith's preaching, particularly his acceptance of polygamy, drew strong opposition in the East and \________, culminating in his death by a mob while imprisoned in Illinois.
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1824
Jackson's campaign for presidency in \________ was vicious, with surrogates accusing opponents of corruption and misconduct.
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social life
Family and church played a dominant role in \________, as there were few people around to support organized cultural and leisure events.
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Fur trading
\________ was another common commercial enterprise on the frontiers, with \________ often being the first pioneers in a region.
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early 19th century
Growth of American economy in \________ brought about numerous social changes.
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19th century
The \________ saw the beginnings of true social reform in the United States, with many social reform movements growing out of the Second Great Awakening, a period of religious revival.
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northeastern economy
Farming played less of a role in \________ than elsewhere in the country.
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Westward migration
\________ brought new set of social problems, including issues of land ownership, displacement of Native Americans, and question of slavery.
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Tecumseh
\________ unified area tribes to stop American expansion.
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Cotton gin
\________ and Industrial Revolution in England altered southern agriculture and increased reliance on slave labor.
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Manifest Destiny
Americans believed in God- given right to western territories, known as America's \________.
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Jackson
In 1828, \________ won the election by a large margin and became the first president who wasn't born in Virginia or named Adams.
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