mayan, aztec, incan empire // honors spanish 3

Mayan Empire

2500 BC to 900 AD. Located in southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras. Had independent city-states that were unified by culture, religion and trade. Had religious rulers who had cerimonies and made sacrifices to the gods. Charted planets, moon and sun and developed calendar). Economy based on agriculture and trade.

Incan Empire

(1200 AD - 1572 AD) Formed in present day Peru. Expanded out as far south as Chile and as far North as Ecuador. Best known for their enourmous wealth, worshiped Inti (Sun God) and had a Sapa Inca (Emperor)

Mayan Calendar

first calendar that calculate 365 days, founded by excellent ______ astronomers; "ended" in 2000

2

The Mayans had _ calendars

Poktapok

Mayan game similar to basketball but with no arms or legs, determined the good and evil people; good (those who won) was given resources while the evil (those who lost) were sacrificed

excessive warfare, overpopulation, ecological disasters, combination

The Mayans completely disappeared possibly because of these factors:

human sacrifice

prominent ritual in the Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Empire

heart

___________ was the most important body parts in Aztec human sacrifice, was ripped out and burned, and person was pushed down steps

Aztlan

the first ancestral home of the Aztecs in 1325

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire, became capital because of a priests' dream that came true in 1325

Acamapichtli

first ruler of the Aztecs in 1325

Itzcoatl

4th ruler of the Aztecs but was the founder of the official Aztec empire by combining three tribes (Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan); 1427

Montezuma I

Aztec emperor (1452) who greatly expands empire

Great Flood

___________ starts famine and weakens the Aztec Empire

Montezuma II

The last Aztec emperor (1517), a priest during his reign saw a comet and thought it meant doom

Hernando Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs, but was first an honored guest; takes Montezuma as a prisoner and was at first driven out by the Aztecs; however Montezuma dies and Cortes forces his Spaniard conquistadores to stay conquer the Aztecs (burns their ships)

Mexico City

originally Tenochtitlan, renamed after Cortes takes control of the capital in 1521

Sapa Inca

the title of the Inca emperor

Inti

Incan sun god

guinea pig, alpaca, llama

Incan livestock

Manco Capac

founder of the Inca Empire who led the Inca to settle in Cuzco in 1325

Pachacuti

Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca

Huayna Capac

Inca ruler (1525); brought the empire to its greatest extent and thrived under his rule, had a spike in literature and scientific research, but because of the Spaniards arrival in the Americas, died of smallpox

Atahualpa and Huascar

Sons of last emperor of Inca Empire who divided the kingdom and then entered a civil war to get more power (1525-1532)

Atahualpa

winner of the Incan civil war and becomes emperor of the Incan Empire, but is captured and later killed by Francisco Pizarro even after bribing Pizarro with gold (1535)

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (didn't like Cuzco)

execution

Last _______ of an Incan Emperor in 1572