HESI A2 test Biology - The Cell

Which of these correctly defines a prokaryotic cell?

A cell without a nucleus

Which of these structures does not differentiate a prokaryotic from a eukaryotic cell?

Cell membrane

Which of these is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosome

The cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell has the following characteristic features except:

It is present inside the nucleus.

Which one of the following statements justifies the comparison of plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have only one large central vacuole, and animal cells have one or more small vacuoles.

Which of the following best defines the function of the cell nucleus during reproduction? 

The nucleus contains hereditary units which are passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction.

Which of the following functions are carried out by the nucleus?

The nucleus regulates the DNA transcription and translation process.

Which of these is a function of the ribosome? 

Ribosomes help in amino acid assembly and in the formation of peptide bonds.

Which of the following body cells have large amounts of ribosomes? 

Muscle cell

Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum is an interwoven network of membranes that extends from the surface of the nuclear membrane.

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? 

Rough ER helps in protein synthesis required for the rest of the cellular function.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps in which of the following functions?

Smooth ER regulates the synthesis of various lipids and hormones.

What is the main difference between the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? 

The rough ER has ribosomes on its membrane surface whereas the smooth ER does not.

Which of the following is the function of the Golgi complex?

The Golgi complex helps in sorting the new proteins into the vesicles.

Which of these functions is performed by lysosomes? 

Lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion and disintegrate the cell after its death.

Certain dead cells and foreign substances are normally removed from our cells with the help of cellular digestive enzymes. Which organelles contain these enzymes? 

Lysosomes

Which of the following statements correctly describes plant vacuoles? 

Vacuoles are empty spaces that exert pressure on the cell wall known as the turgor pressure.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of phagocytosis?

Phagocytosis is the process where the cell membrane invaginates to engulf food particles and forms a vacuole, within, to digest them.

Which of the following statements about plant vacuoles is correct?

Plant cells have only one large vacuole whereas animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

Which of the following statements correctly describes mitochondria? 

Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.

Mitochondria carry out the most vital function in the cell. What are the end products of this physiological reaction?

The end products mainly consist of ATP molecules with water and carbon dioxide as the byproducts.

Which of the following statements is true?

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, photosynthetic organelles which have chlorophyll pigments within.

Which of the following cell organelles are found in plants but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall?

A plant’s cell wall prevents any mechanical or osmotic stress.

Identify the cell component that is present in both plant and animal cells.

Nucleolus

Which of the following functions are carried out by the cytoskeleton of the cell?

The cytoskeleton helps in cell division and cytokinesis.

Which of these is not a part of the endomembrane system of the cell? 

Mitochondria

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Permeability to large and highly charged molecules

The phospholipid bilayer has several functions except for _______________.

Energy production

What is the chief role of cholesterol in the cell membrane’s function?

It decreases the permeability of the cell membrane.

A cell membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane. What does that mean?

It allows only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane.

How does a semipermeable membrane prevent the entry of toxic substances into a cell?

Through the passage of certain types of molecules or ions by passive diffusion

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Active transport uses energy to move the substances against the concentration gradient.

The process that utilizes the membrane’s proteins to move a substance across the membrane is called ___________.

Facilitated diffusion

The semipermeable membrane allows the movement of  water molecules, along the concentration gradient, using a process called ______________

Osmosis

Diffusion is the process of _______________.

Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration across the membrane.

The process by which microorganisms are removed from the invaded cells by neutrophils is called _____________.

Phagocytosis

Endocytosis is a type of __________.

Active transport

Exocytosis facilitates which of the following functions?

Transport of material from the intracellular matrix to the extracellular matrix