Research Methods

estimate proportion

The ________ of existing cases in a population during a given time period.

Epidemiology

________ describes: a disease and all relevant factors, and the relationship between disease and these factors.

Federal law

________ requires subjects to be informed if harm is compensated but does not require compensation (B, R, J)

Australia

The incidence of laryngeal cancer in ________ in 2002 was 8 /100, 000.

Voluntary

________ informed consent: obtained in advance.

Sample size

________: the people within the studies.

Compensations

________ for injury: researcher is responsible for what happened to subjects.

Justice

________: fair, equitable and appropriate treatment of participants.

Ethics

________ in speech pathology: ________ is essential for the protection of human subjects.

Autonomy

________: participants have the power to make moral choices & rational decisions.

Identification of consequences

________: assessment of risks and benefits; respected privacy, ensure confidentiality, maximise benefit, minimise risk (B, R, J)

Independent variable

________: is the cause or predictor.

World Medical Association

The ________ (WMA) has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data.

Common confounders

________ are attributes of the participants; for example, body mass index, smoking status, age at onset of illness, socioeconomic status, educational status, and extent of support network.

Dependent variable

________: is the effect or outcome.

Epidemiology

________ helps us to identify the major causes of mortality and morbidity across Australia and smaller population groups, such as people of low socioeconomic status or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders peoples.

Epidemiology

________ uses statistics to provide a snapshot of a populations diseases, illnesses and disability.

Importance of good research

Research is important in speech pathology to determine if treatment & assessment is safe, effective, better than the previous one, cost effective & working in clinical practice

Ethics in speech pathology

Ethics is essential for the protection of human subjects

Beneficence

do good

Non-maleficence

do no harm

Autonomy

participants have the power to make moral choices & rational decisions

Justice

fair, equitable and appropriate treatment of participants

Identification of consequences

assessment of risks and benefits; respected privacy, ensure confidentiality, maximise benefit, minimise risk (B, R, J)

Selection of subjects

subjects must be appropriate to the purpose of study, representative of the population to benefit from research, and appropriate number (B, R, J)

Voluntary informed consent

obtained in advance

Compensations for injury

researcher is responsible for what happened to subjects

Informed consent

Is a process by which a subject voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate in a particular clinical trial, after having been informed of all aspects of the trial that are relevant to the subjects decision to participate

What is epidemiology

The science is concerned with the study of the factors determining and influencing the frequency and distribution of disease, injury and other health-related events and their cause in a defined human population

Epidemiology describes

a disease and all relevant factors, and the relationship between disease and these factors

Sample size

the people within the studies

Independent variable

is the cause or predictor

Dependent variable

is the effect or outcome

Cue

it is dependent on something (ie independent variable) to change