Physical activity and health

Physical Activity

Refers to routine, daily activities involving bodily movement integrated into one's lifestyle.

Exercise

Planned, structured, and repetitive physical activity aiming to enhance or maintain physical fitness.

Sports

Organized, competitive activities with rules, often involving skill and strategy.

Physical Fitness

Overall health and well-being, encompassing various components like cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition.

Hypokinetic Disease

Health issues associated with insufficient physical activity or sedentary behavior.

Coronary Heart Disease

Blood vessels supplying the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked.

Stroke

Disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to cell damage.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, potentially damaging arteries.

Obesity

Excess body fat due to an imbalance in calorie intake and expenditure.

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production leading to high blood sugar.

Osteoporosis

Weakened bones prone to fractures.

Coronary circulation

Coronary circulation refers to the movement of blood through the vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium).

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a condition where fatty deposits (plaques) build up on the inner walls of arteries, narrowing the vessels and reducing blood flow.

Body Mass Index

is a measure of body fat based on an individual's weight and height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.

waist circumference

refers to the measurement taken around the narrowest part of the waist. It is commonly used as an indicator of abdominal obesity and can be a useful measure in assessing an individual's risk for certain health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Body fat percentage

refers to the proportion of fat in the body compared to the total body weight.

Energy balance

is the equilibrium between calorie intake and expenditure.

leptin

is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and body weight.

ghrelin

is a hormone produced mainly by the stomach.

insulin

is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

neuropathy

refers to a condition that affects the nerves, often causing pain, numbness, and weakness.

nephropathy

Nephropathy refers to any disease or damage that affects the kidneys.

retinopathy

is a condition that affects the blood vessels in the retina of the eye.

Mood

A temporary state of mind or feeling that can be influenced by various factors, including physical activity

Non-communicable disease

are medical conditions that are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

Communicable disease

Diseases transmitted from person to person or through vectors.

Population Attributable Risk (PAR)

is the proportion of cases in a population that can be attributed to exposure to a particular risk factor.

Commotio Cordis

is a medical term that refers to a sudden disruption of the heart's rhythm caused by a blunt impact to the chest.

Arrythmias

Irregular heart rhythms disrupting normal electrical activity.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Thickening of the heart muscle, leading to electrical instability.

Musculoskeletal injuries

refer to injuries that affect the muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and other structures that support the body's movement.

Compression Injuries

Result from a force that crushes or squeezes tissues or structures.

Tension Injuries

Occur when a force pulls tissues or structures apart.

Shearing Injuries

Result from forces applied parallel to opposing surfaces, causing tissues to slide in opposite directions.