Introduction to Biochemistry: Orbitals Hybridization and Reactivity

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on orbitals hybridization and its implications in biochemistry.

What is the primary outcome of orbitals hybridization?

It leads to an expanded valence, increasing reactivity.

Which elements are noted for their unusual high reactivity?

Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), and Carbon (C).

What determines the shapes of molecules according to orbitals hybridization?

The properties of orbitals.

What is the significance of hybrid orbitals in chemical bonding?

They increase the valence number, creating new reaction possibilities.

What type of hybridization does beryllium undergo in BeCl2?

sp hybridization.

What is the hybridization state of boron in BF3?

sp² hybridization.

How does phosphorus achieve an extended valence?

By using sp³d hybridization, it moves from 3 to 5 valence orbitals.

What is the role of phosphate (PO4) in biology?

It links nucleotides in DNA and RNA and is essential for biological processes.

What is the primary energy currency in biological processes?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What unique property does carbon possess regarding hybridization?

Carbon can adopt sp, sp², or sp³ hybridization.