Biology Test Review Unit 1

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Hershey and Chase

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They found out DNA was the genetic material, not protein.

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3 Parts of a nucleotide

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Nitrogenous base, 5 carbon (Pentose) sugar, and phosphate group.

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27 Terms

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Hershey and Chase

They found out DNA was the genetic material, not protein.

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3 Parts of a nucleotide

Nitrogenous base, 5 carbon (Pentose) sugar, and phosphate group.

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DNA

Deoxyribose sugar, double stranded, thymine, storage of genetic information

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Monomer

Small building block molecules

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Polymers

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks.

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Anabolic pathways

The synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones.

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Catabolic Pathways

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules.

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Is monomer nucleotide or polynucleotide?

Nucleotide

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Is polymer nucleotide or polynucleotide?

Polynucleotide

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Bond that holds together nucleotides

Phosphodiester

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Purines

2 rings, A/G

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Pyrimidines

1 ring, U/C/T

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RNA

Ribose sugar, uracil, single stranded, accesses genetic information.

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Antiparallel

2 things that will never touch going opposite ways.

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What holds together complementary base pairs in DNA?

Hydrogen Bonds

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Chargaff

Discovered ratios of A-T and G-C are equal.

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Rosalind Franklin

Took photo 51, which confirmed DNA was double Helixed.

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Watson and Crick

Got credit for discovering DNA was double helixed.

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Miller-Urey Experiment

An experiment that replicated conditions of prebiotic earth. After some time amino acids formed.

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LUCA

Last Universal Common Ancestor. Supported by universal genetic code and conserved genes across all organisms.

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Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.

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4 structures all cells share

Membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.

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Differences between plant and fungal cells

Plants have cell wall made of cellulose while fungal cells have a cell wall made of chitin. Plant cells have cholorplasts, fungal cells don’t. Plant cells have a large central vacuole, fungal cells have multiple small vacuoles.

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Similarities between plant and fungal cells

Eukaryotic, have a cell membrane. They both have cytoplasm.

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8 Processes of life

Cells, Homeostasis, Adapts, Responds, Reproduces, Grows, Energy, DNA.

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Endosymbiotic theory

Idea that Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes by having one bacteria engulf another one. Evidence: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes.

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Atypical Cell examples

Skeletal muscle cells, fungal hyphae. Both have a double nucleus.