Chapter 1-6

________ cell lacks a nucleus unlike the Eukaryotic cell.

Prokaryotic

________ single celled.

Prokaryotic

_______ multi-celled.

Eukaryotic

with O2

Aerobic

without O2

Anaerobic

Every cell has the ability to produce protein.

True

Both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes have DNA, Cell Wall, Ribosomes and Cytoplasm.

True

________ have non-membranous organelles and very small.

Prokaryotes

_______ have membranous organelles and large.

Eukaryotes

unicellular and simple multicellular, eukaryotic (protozoa, algae and slime molds)

Protists

multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic.

Plants

multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic.

Animals

eukaryotic, decomposers (molds, yeast and mushrooms)

Fungi

______ belong to the Eukarya Domain, Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Primates Order, Hominidae Family, Homo Genus and Sapiens Species.

Humans

Two main types of science are _____ Science and _____ Science.

Basic and Applied

pratical or real world science.

Applied Science

_______ is the study of life.

Biology

_______ is the study of the structure of an organism.

Anatomy

_______ is the study of the function of an organism.

Physiology

______ = structure

Anatomy

_______ = function

Physiology

______ = Study of the natural world

Science

____ are the smallest component of elements

Atom

positive charge

Protons

neutral charge

Neutrons

negative charge

Electrons

one or two letters

Atomic symbol

# of protons/always the same number for any atom of a particular element

Atomic number

number of protons equals

Number of electrons

________ are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

Isotopes

unstable isotopes are called __________

Radioisotopes

radioisotopes give off energy in the form of _______.

Radiation

positively charged ion

Cation

negatively charged ion

Anion

strongest chemical bond/trade of electrons

Covalent

moderate chemical bond

Ionic

weakest chemical bond

Hydrogen

_____ is the biological solvent

Water

polar molecules that are attracted to water and interact easily with water.

Hydrophilic

nonpolar neutral molecules that do not interact with/dissolve in water

Hydrophobic

below pH 7

Acidic

at pH 7

Neutral

above pH 7

Basic:

______ study of matter and energy

Chemistry

nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane

Main structures of a cell

holds dna and is an essential processing station

Nucleus

holds RNA

Nucleolus

protein factory

Ribosomes

structural protein

Muscle

functional protein

Enzymes

ATP + CR

Creatine Phosphate + ATP

synthesis of protein

RER

synthesis of lipids

SER

processing and packaging plant

Golgi Apparatus

protein lipids are sent to _________

Golgi Apparatus

_______ vesicle exports/take things out cell

Secretory Vesicle

_______ vesicle imports/take things into cell

Endocytic Vesicle

______ vesicle detoxify

Peroxisomes Vesicle

______ vesicle digest/digestive enzymes

Lysosomes Vesicle

Refines the synthesis products

Secretory and Endocytic Vesicle

______ tells cells to make specific proteins and lipids

RNA

DNA can be copied by ____

RNA

_____ tells cells what to do

DNA

__________ makes ATP

Mitochondria

_______ utilizes oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

Mitochondria

Microvilli, Cilia and Flagella

Cell Extensions

______ increase surface area of a cell

Microvilli

_____ move stuff on top of the cell

Cilia

______ are primarily found in sperm, primary purpose is cell movement

Flagella

polar head and non polar tail

Phospholipids

_____ makes membrane a bit more rigid and provides structure/indetification

Cholesterol

_____ transports things through membrane/cell

Protein

major two forms of metabolism

Catabolic and Anabolic

hydrolysis

breakdown of a large molecule into smaller molecules by adding water

dehydration synthesis

formation of a large molecule by removing water from smaller molecules

any molecule that can accept hydrogen ion/decreases hydrogen ion concentration in solutions

Base

any molecule that can donate hydrogen ions/increase hydrogen ion concentration in solutions

Acid

a measure of hydrogen ion concentration

pH scale

____ are water-insoluble organic bio-molecules

Lipids

most abundant lipids/function as the body’s most concentrated source of energy/fat and oils

Triglycerides

two fatty acids are attached to a glycerol head and a phosphate group is attached, which has a nitrogen containing compound/fat compounds similar to triglycerides.

Phospholipids

requires no energy/uses energy already acquired.

Passive Transportation

requires energy/particles are actively pulled across lipid biolayer. (membrane)

Active Transportation

covers surface and line body cavities/extremely limited amounts of extracellular matrix.

Functions:

Proteins, Sensory, Secretion, Absorption and Excretion

Epithelial Tissue

contains Fibrous, Bone (cortical/compact, cancellous/spongy), Cartilage and Blood

Connective Tissue

skeletal (Striated, Voluntary and Multiple nuclei), Cardiac (Striated, Involuntary and Intercalated discs) and Smooth (Nonstriated, Involuntary and visceral)

Muscle Tissue

skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth

Muscle Tissue

communication! Basic function is to rapidly regulate the different parts of the body. 2 main types are Neurons and Neuro(glia)

Nervous Tissue

wiring/nerve cells

Neurons

supporting cells/surround and protect neurons/provides nutrients to neurons

Neuro(glia)

thin glue-like connection between epithelial cells underlying fibrous connective tissue/Made of proteins

Basement Membrane

normal range the body like to stay within/maintaining stability

Homeostasis

______ opposes change to avoid disturbance

Negative Loop

_______ amplifies disturbance

Positive Loop

RBC, WBC and Platelets

Formed Elements 45%

dep atria

P wave

dep ventricles

QRS

rep ventricles

T wave

water can be stored within the body where

Intracellular, extracellular and blood

anabolic

build up