Unit three stuff

Stroke volume

Stroke volume

volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in a single beat

symbol for stroke volume

SV

units for stroke volume

ml or L

what is frank-starling law

Ability of the heart to stretch and increase force of contraction

Symbol for cardiac output

Q

How to calculate cardiac output

SVxHR

What are some effects of training on cardiovascular system?

1. Ventricular volume increases

2. ventricular wall size increases

3. Cardiac output increase due to SV and contraction force of ventricles

4. Blood volume increases

5. more rbc (more hemoglobin)

6. resting HR decreases

Why does an untrauned individual have a hgiher resting HR then a trained individual?

Trained individual has stronger ventricles, more rbc and more blood volume cause their cardiovascular system to be used to more stress.

Authoritarian coach

Discipline, only voice, congragulates when winning angry when losing

Buisness like coach

logical, uses new tech, sets high goals

nice huy coach

Well liked, works well with chill athletes, alienates intense athletes

intense coach

needs winning, high anxiety

easy going coach

casual, doesn’t push athletes and is usually well liked

What is KP

Knowledge of performance

What is KR

Knowledge of results

what are some principals of fair play

1. respect the rules

2. Respect officials

3. provide players with equal opportunity

4. maintain dignity

what is the law of inertia

every object in a state of uniform motion, remains in that state unless external force is applied to it

Law of reaction

For every action there is an equal opposite reaction

give an example of a class 2 lever, why?

Plantar flexion (fulcrum, force, load)

give an example of a class 3 lever

elbow flexion (Fulcrum, load, force)

Principle of stability

Lower the center of mass, greater the mass, larger the bass of support= more stability

Maximum effort

The use of joints in order to create maximum force

Maximum velocity

Use of joints in order form biggest to smallest

impulse

greater the applied force, greater the velocity

Reaction

movement occurs in opposite direction of force

torque

Spin is produced by the application of a force acting at a distance from an axis

Angular momentum

constant when an athlete/object is free in the air

What are the five phases of movement

1. Preliminary movement

2. Backswing

3. force producing movement

4. critical instant

5. follow through

why do athletes train at high altitude

The low oxygen in the air gets their bodies used to having a lack of oxygen

Shaping

Encourages learner to learn a skill graudally, demostartion includes only the most important actions (gradual process)

Chaining

Start at the begging of a movement and add on next part as you go

What are some factors that can negatively impact skill development

Incorrect understanfing of movement

poor physical abilites

lack of concentration

lack of equipment

etc

Cognitive stage

Basic understanding of task, lots of effort

Associative stage

skill becomes more refined, more consistent

Autonomous stage

Skill becomes autmatic

Autonomic motor activity

movement that requires little thought

Somatic motor activity

movements that need more thought to perform

What is morphology

the study of human body

What muscle would be found in the legs of a sprinter

Fast twitch

systolic

Heart contracts

diastolic

Heart relaxes

What fuels mucle contraction

ATP

what ius hydrolosis

Breakdown of atp

How long does the immediate energy system last

10 seconds

What is the Anaerobic alactic system good for?

quick bursts of exercise

What is short term energy system

lasts for 3 mins, uses glycolysis to make a little atp to fuel cells while also making pyruvate to send to krebs cycle. Creates lactic acid. (anearobic)

Why do muscle hurt after exercise

Hydrogen ions cause muscles to burn and diminish contraction, lactate meatbolises in the heart, liver and muscles

What is the long term energy system

Aerobic, uses krebs and the electron transport chain to get high yeilds of ATP so it can last for a long time, though ATP production is slow

Do elevation masks work as advertised

No, dont really simulate altitude more just block oxygen

What is atrophy

Decrease and muscle size and strength

what is hypertrohpy

increase in strength and size

what are the four rules of muscle growth

1. lift heavy

2. lift to fatigue

3. growth happen during revoery

4. progressive overload needs to be practiced

What happens to the motor neuron when someone starts exercising

1. more muscle fibers recruited

2. activation is increased

3. more synchronized

What are the two types of muscle fibers

Slow and fast twitch

Describe slow twitch muscle fibers

low force, longer period of time, fatigue resistant, aerobic

describe fast twitch muscle fibers

high peak force, short period of time, there are two types

What is sarcopenia

Loss of muscle masss and strength with aging

What is concentric contraction

muscle fibers shorten

what is eccentric contraction

muscle fibers lengthen

what is isometric contraction

muscles do not change in length

what is wolffs law

use it or lose it for bones

What is an agonsit muscle

primary mover

what is an antagonist mucle

Complementary to agonsit