MTA Software Development Fundamentals Exam

Which of the following data types would be the best choice for keeping track of player's ages and jersey numbers using the least amount of memory?

A)short

B)byte

C)int

byte

Which of the following data will be stored on the heap?

A)player's name

B)height

C)age

player's name

Which variable would make sense to store as a char?

A)player's name

B)weight

C)gender

Gender

What data type uses the least amount of memory?

Byte

What are 4 examples of integral data types?

Byte, integer, short, and long whole numbers

What are floating point data types?

Type that includes fractional data

What are 3 examples of floating point data types?

Float, single, and double

Where do value data types go?

On the stack

Where do reference data types go?

On the heap

The code in the parentheses of an if statement must be a complete what?

Boolean expression

What do logical operators allow programmers to do?

Join 2 expressions

When does a for loop work best?

The number of iterations is known and unlikely to change during execution

What control structure would be best for a login system?

while loop

How many times does a do..while loop execute?

At least one time

What is the difference between a do..while loop and a while loop?

A while loop may not execute at all

How does a for loop work?

Executes a statement based on the value of a control variable

How does a while loop work?

Executes a statement repetitively based on a boolean expression

How does a do..while loop work?

Boolean expression is not checked until after the code executes

What is an exception?

An object that contains information about an error

What does the term thrown mean?

When an exception occurs

What is a try statement?

Warning to the computer that you're about to try something that may not work

What kind of structure gives a developer a chance to keep their program from crashing if an exception is thrown?

try-catch

What is a field?

Variable declared within a class

What does a class do?

Defines the properties that all objects of that class will have

What does instantiated mean?

Multiple objects created from a class

Objects are created with what keyword?

new

What does inheritance allow you to do?

Create new classes that reuse, extend and modify the behavior of other classes

What do derived classes do?

Inherit all the members of the base class, except for constructors and destructors

What type of class cannot be instantiated?

Abstract Class

What does the base keyword do?

Access members of the base class

What does the virtual keyword do?

Allow a method's execution to be overridden in a derived class

What does the sealed keyword do when applied to a class?

Prevents other class from inheriting from it

What does the sealed keyword do when applied to a member?

Prevents that member from being overridden by other classes

What does the new keyword do when used as a modifier?

Hides a base class member and the new member replaces the implementation in the base class

What does the override keyword do?

Replace an inherited member

Which access modifier should be used for primary methods to make them accessible form anywhere?

public

Which of the following provides a means for reading and/or modifying private attributes?

A)An interface

B)A constructor

C)A property

A property

What is another name for black-boxing?

Encapsulation

What accessibility level should instance variables be given?

private

What do protected variables do?

Allow derived classes access to the data, while still hiding the data from other parts of the program

What is the main reason for restricting access to data?

Ensure validity when data is changed

What is the strategy called when teams test their classes independently?

Unit testing

What does ALM stand for?

Application life cycle management

What are the 5 phases of ALM, in order?

Planning, designing, developing, testing, maintenance

Why is the ALM process iterative?

When the application is deployed, new issues are likely to come up, so the process starts again

What does UML stand for?

Unified Modeling Language

What does UML do?

Creates visual models of the different components of an application

What kind of diagrams are generally drawn as UML diagrams?

Class Diagrams

How can a company ensure a new version of an application will work on old computers with limited RAM and hard drive space?

A)Write the program in an older programming language, such as C

B)Develop the program in an older operating system, such as Windows 98

C)Make the program a web application so that it can be accessed by a browser

Make the program a web application

What type of application would be good for storing, viewing, and updating a large number of inventory records?

Database application

What is it called when a non-functioning demonstration of an application is prepared?

Mock-up

What does a mock-up do?

Shows a client what the user interface will look like

Which of the following data structures would be good for organizing data?

A)Stack

B)Array

C)Linked List

Array

Which of the following would help arrange data in alphabetical order?

A)Binary search

B)Queue

C)Bubble Sort

Bubble Sort

Which data structure could a developer use if they only wanted to retrieve data using a "last in, first out" model?

Stack

What are the 4 most common data structures?

Array, Linked list, Queue, and stack

What is an array?

List of data values or objects, all of the same type

How can an element be referenced in an array?

Array name followed by an indexing expression

What is a linked list?

A list of nodes or elements of a data connected by pointers

What are linked lists good for?

Collections that require many insertions in the middle of the list

What is a queue?

Structure where elements can be removed only in the same order in which they were inserted

What logic do queues follow?

first-in,first-out

What is a stack?

Structure where elements can be removed in the reverse order in which they were inserted

What logic do stacks follow?

last-in,first-out

What does a sort algorithm do?

Puts a collection of data elements into a sequenced order

What are 3 common sort algorithms?

bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort

What technology uses tags to indicate how information should be displayed in a web browser?

HTML

Which of the following is a key advantage of using CSS?

A)It allows a web page to be interactive

B)It allows a site to incorporate multimedia clips, such as videos and music

C)It simplifies the formatting of multiple pages within a site

It simplifies the formatting of multiple pages within a site

What is JavaScript?

A)A markup tag that manages various font settings

B)Server-side technology for running Java applications

C)Client-side technology for making web pages interactive

Client-side technology for making web pages interactive

Which of the following is a client-side technology?

A)PHP

B)ASP.NET

C)JavaScript

JavaScript

Which of the following allows page information to be retained?

A)State management

B)Page Life Cycle

C)CSS

State Management

What is a cookie?

Text data stored by the users' web browser

What 2 things can a program or script be in a web application?

Client-side and Server-side

What is a client-side script?

Script downloaded and executed on that user's computer when the page is loaded

What is a server-side script?

Script that is executed by the web server before the web page is sent to the user's computer

What is the difference between an event model and a client application?

In an event model, an event is raised on the client side, but handled on the server side

What is the page life cycle?

A series of processing steps performed when an ASP.NET page runs

What are the 5 steps of the page life cycle?

Initialization, instantiating controls, restoring and maintaining state, running event handler code, and rendering code

What is state management?

Process by which a developer maintains page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages

What is not a role of IIS?

To enable server-side scripting, such as ASP.NET

What is a virtual directory?

A)Folder on company computer that maps to the ISP

B)A directory name that maps to the physical location on the server

C)Listing service that ensures that users can find the site with a search engine

A directory name that maps to the physical location on the server

What does ISP stand for?

Internet Service Provider

What are 4 things that ISP provides?

Space on a server, maintenance and support, email service, security

What does IIS stand for?

Internet Information Services

The IIS is part of what?

Windows Server

What 2 things does the IIS do?

Provide functionality essential for deploying ASP.NET web applications and support server-side scripting

Where can virtual directories be configured?

IIS

What can a virtual directory do?

Allow access to folders and files outside of the site's home folder

What is a web service?

System that allows multiple programs to interact via the internet

When using the Bing API to add search capabilities to a site, what is the web service role of Bing?

Provider

Which of the following is a framework commonly used to access a web service?

A)Java

B)SOAP

C)ASP.NET

SOAP

What do web services do?

Allow programs to communicate with each other via the web

What does SOAP stand for?

Simple Object Access Protocol

What does SOAP do?

Exchange structured and typed information via the web

What are 4 examples of SOAP services?

Bing, weather, stock, traffic

What does WSDL stand for?

Web Services Description Language

What does WSDL do?

Pass messages to the provider and interpret the results

For which one of the following situations would visual inheritance be useful?

A)Several different forms displaying the same data in different ways

B)Several different forms displaying data from tables in the same database

C)Several different forms using the same basic layout and UI features

Several different forms using the same basic layout and UI features

What is Windows Forms?

A Windows client library for building Windows client applications

What kind of interface does a user interface use?

User interface