Time required for one complete wavelength or cycle
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frequency and period are \___ proportional
inversely
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Sound waves are \___ waves
longitudinal
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constructive interference
when two waves add to make a larger wave
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destructive interference
when two waves subtract to create a smaller wave
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doppler effect
as a train goes by, the pitch of the horn sound rises as it moves towards you and falls as it moves away from you
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A wave
carries energy, has a period, has a wavelength
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the distance between identical parts of the wave (e.g crest to crest) is the
wavelength
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the period of a wave is 10 seconds. the frequency is
0.1 Hz
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speed \=
frequency x wavelength
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frequency \= 0.05 Hz. wavelength \= 10m. Speed is__
0.5 m/s
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frequency of waves reaching you is
higher
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when a source moves towards you, what happens to the speed of sound waves?
they stay the same
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the speed of a wave depends on
the medium ONLY
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a sonic boom...
is swept continuously behind a plane flying faster than the speed of sound
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Sound can travel through solids, liquids, gases, and vacuums.
false
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Sound needs a \__ to travel (cannot travel through a __)
medium, vacuum
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Sound carries \___ not \____
energy, matter
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In order for sound from a speaker to reach a listener, air near the speaker must move towards the listener
FALSE
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Almost everything that exists has a natural frequency
true
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when an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency, the vibration amplitude gets very large.
true
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The speed of sound is \___ than the speed of light
slower
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Sound waves in air are a series of
periodic disturbances, periodic condensations and rarefactions, high- and low-pressure regions
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\___ transmits sound best
steel
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Resonance occurs when
an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency
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Beats can be heard when two tuning forks
have almost the same frequency and are sounded together
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Most of the EM spectrum consists of visible light
false.
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electromagnetic waves carry energy emitted by vibrating electric charges.
true
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a polarized wave
has been separated into one phase
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Wave-Particle Theory of Light
light acts like both a wave and a particle
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Glass transmits ultraviolet and visible light waves but not infrared waves.
false
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what waves does glass NOT transmit
ultraviolet
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electromagnetic waves are \__ waves
transverse
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Sound is \__ an electromagnetic wave
NOT
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what waves do heat lamps mostly give off?
infrared
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Speed of light in water is \__ than the speed in air
slower
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Types of reflection
diffuse and specular
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Diffuse reflection occurs when light is reflected in many directions on a \__ surface
rough
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a mirror reflection is an example of
specular reflection
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One part of a wave moves slower than another
refraction
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Mirages occur due to reflection
FALSE, mirages occur due to refraction
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dispersion
separation of light according to frequency
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atmospheric refraction
The sun can be seen after it has passed below the horizon due to refraction of the sun rays as they enter the earth's atmosphere
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angle of reflection \__ the angle of incidence
equals
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Virtual image
a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)
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when a virtual image is created,
reflected rays diverge, the image is behind the mirror, the image is upright
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the reason we can read print from any direction is
the white part of the page reflects light in all directions
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an echo occurs when
sound is reflected off of a distant surface
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part of a wave slows down before another part when \__ occurs
refraction
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at night, sound waves are bent \__ towards \__ air over water. this is why you can hear noises a long distance away over water at night.
down, cool
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A penny at the bottom of a cup of water appears \__ than it would if there was no water in the cup.
closer
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A rainbow occurs because
sunlight is refracted by water in the raindrops
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total internal reflection
the complete reflection of a light ray back into its original medium
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in a curved optical fiber..
light internally reflects in a succession of straight-line paths
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Huygen's Principle
Every point on any wave front can be regarded as a new point source of secondary waves.
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Two stereo speakers can be set side by side so there are some places in front of them where sound is very diminished.
true (destructive interference)
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LASER stands for
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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laser light is the only _ light
coherent
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laser light is __chromatic
mono
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within a laser, a light wave emitted from one atom stimulates the emission of a light wave from a neighboring atom so that the crests of the two waves coincide
true
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monochromatic
one color
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two slit experiment
a demonstration that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles; moreover, it displays the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical phenomena.
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Two-Slit Interference
As light is passed through two slits, two interfering waves result.
The difference in path length that the light travels determines if the interference will be constructive or destructive in nature.
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When monochromatic light shines through two closely spaced narrow slits and onto a screen some distance away, the pattern on the screen has
alternating light and dark bands
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if you shine monochromatic light onto two plates of glass, one atop the other, you will see light and dark fringes. The reason for this is that light
reflected from one plate interferes with light reflected from another
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coherent light rays have the same
frequency, phase and wavelength
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Fluorescence
gives off more photons than are coming in. quantum jumping
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remote controls use
infrared
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blue light scattering
sunsets are red. the sky is blue.
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blue light scattering is when the atmosphere reflects more \__ light
blue
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Wave theories of light
refraction, color, diffraction, interference
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particle theories of light
reflection, speed of light, light intensity, photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation
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refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another
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When all the colors of light are reflected, you see
white
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When all the colors of light are absorbed, you see
black
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RGB
the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors.
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CYM
secondary colors, subtractive
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visible light
Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye
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diffraction
The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening
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interference
the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave
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when waves are in phase, it is \__ interference
constructive
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when waves are out of phase, it is \__ interference
destructive
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why do periscopes use prisms
total internal reflection, they dont degrade.
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what color is best picked up by our eyes
fluorescent yellowy green
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umbra
The darkest part of a shadow
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penumbra
the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked
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phones use
microwaves
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spectrum
colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism
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continuous spectrum
the uninterrupted broad band of all colors (wavelengths)
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emission spectrum
a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source.
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Absorption spectrum
spectrum with dark lines showing what light is absorbed
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illuminated
has light shone on it
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illumination
the amount of light on an illuminated object
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luminous
producing its own light
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luminous flux
the rate at which light energy is emitted from a luminous source. measured in lumens
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opaque
blocks light and color
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translucent
blocks color, not light
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transparent
allows light and color to pass
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reflection
The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.
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