physics

Frequency

Number of complete wavelengths in one second

Period

Time required for one complete wavelength or cycle

frequency and period are \___ proportional

inversely

Sound waves are \___ waves

longitudinal

constructive interference

when two waves add to make a larger wave

destructive interference

when two waves subtract to create a smaller wave

doppler effect

as a train goes by, the pitch of the horn sound rises as it moves towards you and falls as it moves away from you

A wave

carries energy, has a period, has a wavelength

the distance between identical parts of the wave (e.g crest to crest) is the

wavelength

the period of a wave is 10 seconds. the frequency is

0.1 Hz

speed \=

frequency x wavelength

frequency \= 0.05 Hz. wavelength \= 10m. Speed is__

0.5 m/s

frequency of waves reaching you is

higher

when a source moves towards you, what happens to the speed of sound waves?

they stay the same

the speed of a wave depends on

the medium ONLY

a sonic boom...

is swept continuously behind a plane flying faster than the speed of sound

Sound can travel through solids, liquids, gases, and vacuums.

false

Sound needs a \__ to travel (cannot travel through a __)

medium, vacuum

Sound carries \___ not \____

energy, matter

In order for sound from a speaker to reach a listener, air near the speaker must move towards the listener

FALSE

Almost everything that exists has a natural frequency

true

when an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency, the vibration amplitude gets very large.

true

The speed of sound is \___ than the speed of light

slower

Sound waves in air are a series of

periodic disturbances, periodic condensations and rarefactions, high- and low-pressure regions

\___ transmits sound best

steel

Resonance occurs when

an object is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency

Beats can be heard when two tuning forks

have almost the same frequency and are sounded together

Most of the EM spectrum consists of visible light

false.

electromagnetic waves carry energy emitted by vibrating electric charges.

true

a polarized wave

has been separated into one phase

Wave-Particle Theory of Light

light acts like both a wave and a particle

Glass transmits ultraviolet and visible light waves but not infrared waves.

false

what waves does glass NOT transmit

ultraviolet

electromagnetic waves are \__ waves

transverse

Sound is \__ an electromagnetic wave

NOT

what waves do heat lamps mostly give off?

infrared

Speed of light in water is \__ than the speed in air

slower

Types of reflection

diffuse and specular

Diffuse reflection occurs when light is reflected in many directions on a \__ surface

rough

a mirror reflection is an example of

specular reflection

One part of a wave moves slower than another

refraction

Mirages occur due to reflection

FALSE, mirages occur due to refraction

dispersion

separation of light according to frequency

atmospheric refraction

The sun can be seen after it has passed
below the horizon due to refraction of
the sun rays as they enter the earth's atmosphere

angle of reflection \__ the angle of incidence

equals

Virtual image

a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)

when a virtual image is created,

reflected rays diverge, the image is behind the mirror, the image is upright

the reason we can read print from any direction is

the white part of the page reflects light in all directions

an echo occurs when

sound is reflected off of a distant surface

part of a wave slows down before another part when \__ occurs

refraction

at night, sound waves are bent \__ towards \__ air over water. this is why you can hear noises a long distance away over water at night.

down, cool

A penny at the bottom of a cup of water appears \__ than it would if there was no water in the cup.

closer

A rainbow occurs because

sunlight is refracted by water in the raindrops

total internal reflection

the complete reflection of a light ray back into its original medium

in a curved optical fiber..

light internally reflects in a succession of straight-line paths

Huygen's Principle

Every point on any wave front can be regarded as a new point source of secondary waves.

Two stereo speakers can be set side by side so there are some places in front of them where sound is very diminished.

true (destructive interference)

LASER stands for

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

laser light is the only _ light

coherent

laser light is __chromatic

mono

within a laser, a light wave emitted from one atom stimulates the emission of a light wave from a neighboring atom so that the crests of the two waves coincide

true

monochromatic

one color

two slit experiment

a demonstration that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles; moreover, it displays the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical phenomena.

Two-Slit Interference

As light is passed through two slits, two interfering waves result.

The difference in path length that the light travels determines if the interference will be constructive or destructive in nature.

When monochromatic light shines through two closely spaced narrow slits and onto a screen some distance away, the pattern on the screen has

alternating light and dark bands

if you shine monochromatic light onto two plates of glass, one atop the other, you will see light and dark fringes. The reason for this is that light

reflected from one plate interferes with light reflected from another

coherent light rays have the same

frequency, phase and wavelength

Fluorescence

gives off more photons than are coming in. quantum jumping

remote controls use

infrared

blue light scattering

sunsets are red. the sky is blue.

blue light scattering is when the atmosphere reflects more \__ light

blue

Wave theories of light

refraction, color, diffraction, interference

particle theories of light

reflection, speed of light, light intensity, photoelectric effect, blackbody radiation

refraction

The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another

When all the colors of light are reflected, you see

white

When all the colors of light are absorbed, you see

black

RGB

the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors.

CYM

secondary colors, subtractive

visible light

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye

diffraction

The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening

interference

the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave

when waves are in phase, it is \__ interference

constructive

when waves are out of phase, it is \__ interference

destructive

why do periscopes use prisms

total internal reflection, they dont degrade.

what color is best picked up by our eyes

fluorescent yellowy green

umbra

The darkest part of a shadow

penumbra

the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

phones use

microwaves

spectrum

colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism

continuous spectrum

the uninterrupted broad band of all colors (wavelengths)

emission spectrum

a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source.

Absorption spectrum

spectrum with dark lines showing what light is absorbed

illuminated

has light shone on it

illumination

the amount of light on an illuminated object

luminous

producing its own light

luminous flux

the rate at which light energy is emitted from a luminous source. measured in lumens

opaque

blocks light and color

translucent

blocks color, not light

transparent

allows light and color to pass

reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.