Human Population Ecology

the number of babies born per 1000 people

crude birth rate

70/the rate of growth

doubling time

the number of people that die per 1000 people

crude death rate

infant mortality rate

the number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 live births occurring among the population of the given geographical area during the same year.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

is one-way movement of individuals in a population to another area.

emigration

is one-way movement of individuals of a particular population into another area.

immigration

the number of individuals that an area can support indefinitely without degradation

carrying capacity

If a country has a growth rate of 2% how many years will it take for the country to double?

35 years

a country is expected to double it's population in 10 years, what is it's growth rate?

7%

What are the 3 most populated countries, from most to least populated?

China, India, US

life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

when birth rate = death rate in a population we say that the population has a ______ growth rate

zero

If a country has a negative growth rate what is happening to its population size?

it is decreasing or experiencing population decline

what general effect does decreasing infant mortality rate have on the birth rate

decrease

what effect does delaying the age of marriage have on birth rate

decrease

countries that have high birth rates and high death rates are most likely in what demographic phase?

Phase 1-pre industrial

countries that have high birth rates and death rates that are starting to decline are most likely in which demographic phase?

Phase 2 - transitional

countries that have declining birth rates and low death rates are likely in which demographic phase?

Phase 3 - industrial

countries that have low birth and death rates and a declining population, like Japan

Phase 4 - post industrial

when populations are graphed by age this is called

an age structure diagram

Transitional stage

death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast

Industrial stage

(demographic transition) decline in birth rate, population growth slows

which country is in phase 4 - post industrial?

United States

which country is a transitional country

Nigeria

Using the rule of 70, a population that is growing at 2% would take how long to double?

35 years

family planning

Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.

Contraceptive

agent that prevents conception

developed country

a modern, industrialized country in which people are generally better educated and healthier and live longer than people in developing countries do

developing country

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

Replacement level fertility

the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 developed, 2.7 developing)

age structure diagram

a chart that shows the age distribution of a population; also called age pyramid

Family Planing Services

services that enable men and women to limit family size, safeguard individual health rights, and improve the quality of life for themselves and their children

life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.