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Biology
The scientific study of life
Covalent bond
The sharing of a pair of the outermost shell valence electrons by two atoms
Molecules
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Electronegativity
An atom's attraction for the electrons of a covalent bond (like gravity)
Nonpolar covalent bond
Atoms share the electrons equally (e.g. H2)
Polar covalent bond
One atom is more electronegative, leading to partial charges (e.g. H2O)
Ionic bonds
Result from the taking or losing of an electron, creating oppositely charged ions that are attracted to each other
Cation
Positively charged ion
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Hydrogen bonds
Form when a hydrogen atom is attracted to electronegative atoms, considered weak bonds
Cohesion
Molecules staying close together because of hydrogen bonds, self-to-self stickiness
Adhesion
One substance clinging to a different substance (like tape)
Capillary Action
The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without external forces like gravity
Specific heat
The amount of heat needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
High specific heat
Water is very resistant to changes in temperature
Heat of vaporization
The heat needed for 1 gram of a liquid to be converted to a gas
Evaporative cooling
The process of a liquid cooling as it evaporates
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