Chapter 9: Visualizing Cells

Light Microscopy

Light Microscopy

A technique that uses visible light and magnifying lenses to observe and study cells and their structures.

Brightfield Microscopy

The most common type of light microscopy that uses transmitted white light to illuminate the sample, resulting in a dark specimen against a bright background.

Fluorescence Microscopy

A type of microscopy that utilizes fluorescent molecules to visualize specific structures or molecules within cells.

Confocal Microscopy

A specialized form of fluorescence microscopy that provides optical sectioning and improved resolution by eliminating out-of-focus light.

Time-Lapse Microscopy

The capture of images of cells or tissues at regular intervals over a defined period to observe dynamic processes.

Immunofluorescence

A technique that combines the specificity of antibodies with fluorescence microscopy to label specific proteins or molecules.

Live-Cell Imaging

The observation of living cells over time using specialized microscope setups with environmental control.

Resolution

The level of detail that can be observed in a microscope image.

Electron Microscopy

A powerful imaging technique that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to visualize cells and molecules at high resolution.

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

A type of electron microscopy that involves passing a beam of electrons through an ultrathin sample to generate an image.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

A type of electron microscopy that involves scanning a focused beam of electrons across the surface of a sample to generate a 3D image.

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM)

A technique that allows for imaging samples in their near-native, frozen-hydrated state.

Electron Tomography

A technique used to create 3D reconstructions of cells and cellular structures by capturing a series of images from different tilt angles.

Single-Particle Analysis

A method used in cryo-EM to determine the 3D structures of macromolecules by imaging individual particles and aligning them to reconstruct a structure.