WW1

most of these are made from the notes but some fo them are from the actual study guide

Militarism

Aggressively building up a nation's armed forces in preparation for war and giving the military more authority over the government.

Alliances

Secret treaties formed among European nations to secure military support and protection, often kept confidential to maintain strategic advantages and avoid provoking other nations.

Imperialism

Rivalries and envy among European powers due to competition for resources, territories, and global dominance.

Nationalism

Insane pride in one's own country, often leading to a superiority complex. Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism were nationalist ideologies aiming to unite German-speaking and Slavic peoples respectively.

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

The event that sparked World War I, carried out by a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand, triggering diplomatic tensions and military alliances.

Trench Warfare

A military strategy used during World War I where soldiers fought from trenches dug into the ground, enduring harsh conditions and constant threat of enemy attacks.

U-boats

German submarines used to fight back against the British blockade of German ports, leading to American citizens getting caught in the crossfire.

The Lusitania

British ocean liner sunk by a German submarine during World War I, resulting in 128 American deaths and tensions between the United States and Germany.

The Sussex Pledge

An agreement between Germany and the United States during World War I to give warning before attacking merchant ships, in order to avoid antagonizing the United States.

Zimmerman Telegram

Secret diplomatic communication sent by Germany to Mexico during World War I, proposing a military alliance against the United States and offering to return Mexican territories.

The Homefront

The impact of World War I on life at home for Americans, including propaganda, selective service, and the convoy system to protect merchant ships.

Tanks

New technology used in World War I that gained ground and broke the stalemate in the trenches.

Chemical Warfare

Use of toxic gases, such as chlorine and mustard gas, to harm and incapacitate enemy soldiers, causing devastating long-term effects.

Flamethrowers

Weapons used for crowd control in World War I.

American Entry

The arrival of American troops in France, changing the momentum of the war and leading to the fall of the Central Powers.

Disease

The Spanish Flu Pandemic that swept through much of the world during World War I, causing millions of deaths.

Wilhelm Kaiser II

The last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling from 1888 until his abdication in 1918 at the end of World War I.

Reasons for the early-war stalemate

The defensive nature of trench warfare, the effectiveness of new weapons like machine guns, and the lack of effective strategies to break through enemy lines.

U-Boat

A type of German submarine used for naval warfare.

League of Nations

Promotes international cooperation, maintains peace, and prevents future conflicts through diplomacy and collective security measures.

Triple Entente

A military alliance formed in 1907 between France, Russia, and the United Kingdom.

Triple Alliance

A military alliance formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It aimed to provide mutual support and protection in case of war. However, during World War I, Italy remained neutral until 1915, when it joined the Allies instead.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Allied Powers

United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and other countries that fought against the Axis Powers.

War bonds

Issued by the U.S. government to raise funds. Citizens lent money to the government, which was repaid with interest. The funds financed the war, military operations, and war-related expenses.

Civilian contributions toward the war effort

Buying war bonds, planting victory gardens, volunteering for the Red Cross, working in war industries, and conserving resources through rationing. These actions aided in mobilizing the nation and supporting the military.

Methods used by the US to finance the war

Through Liberty Bonds, taxes, borrowing from Britain and France, and expanding the money supply through the Federal Reserve System.

The impact Of the war on women and minorities

Women filled male roles, gaining independence and supporting suffrage. Minorities, like African Americans, moved north for work but faced discrimination and violence. The war emphasized the need for equality, inspiring movements for racial and gender justice.

Civil liberties In America during WWI

Laws such as the Espionage Act and Sedition Act curtailed freedom of speech and press. Criticizing the war or government led to arrests. The Supreme Court supported these laws, prioritizing national security. Government surveillance rose, violating citizens' privacy.

Wilson's 14 points

Wilson made this to outline his vision for post-war peace. They promoted self-determination, open diplomacy, disarmament, and the League of Nations to resolve disputes.

Europe after WW1

Empires like Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian collapse. New nations emerge, like Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. These changes shape the continent's future conflicts and geopolitical landscape.

The effect of the Treaty of Versailles

Imposed heavy reparations on Germany, leading to economic instability and resentment. Additionally, the treaty redrew national borders, resulting in the creation of new nations and changes to existing ones.

Why did the big four want Germany to pay?

Wanted Germany to pay reparations after WW1 for economic compensation, punishment, deterrence, and political stability.