AP WORLD FINAL

What was Martin Luther's main belief regarding salvation?

Salvation can be achieved through the grace of God alone.

What were the 95 Theses?

A public criticism of the Catholic Church written by Martin Luther.

What was the significance of the Diet of Worms in 1521?

Luther was excommunicated due to his 95 theses and the turmoil caused by his ideas.

Who was Ignatius Loyola?

The founder of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and an important member of the Catholic Reformation.

What were some reasons Europeans turned to African slaves for labor?

Decreased Native American population due to disease and the existing structure of slavery in African societies.

What was the Triangular Trade?

An exchange of goods and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

What was the Middle Passage?

The route across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were transported on in terrible conditions.

What was the impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on African societies?

Profits for some kingdoms but significant population decline and social turmoil.

What were the cash crops produced by slave labor in the Americas?

Sugar, rice, cotton, tobacco, molasses, and coffee.

Why did the Columbian Exchange lead to an increase in the human population over time?

It introduced a variety of new food sources that improved nutrition.

What was one of the consequences of the Columbian Exchange for the indigenous populations of the Americas?

Mass population declines due to exposure to European diseases.

Why did Martin Luther speak out against the selling of indulgences?

He believed that salvation should not be tied to financial transactions.

What was Ignatius Loyola's belief about faith and good works?

He believed both faith and good works were necessary for salvation.

What did the Council of Trent aim to address?

Responses to the Catholic Church Reform and Protestant Movement.

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

They rejected many Protestant ideologies and held meetings like the Diet of Worms and the Council of Trent.

Why was there a demand for agricultural labor in the Americas after European colonization?

There was a need for labor due to the decline of the indigenous population from disease.

What role did the printing press play in the Reformation?

It helped spread Martin Luther's ideas and the call for Church reform.

Why were young men primarily targeted for slavery during the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Their physical abilities were valued for labor, impacting population reproduction.

How did slaves resist their captivity?

Through revolts, running away, working slowly, and published works by freed slaves.

What caused the end of the Triangular Trade?

It became expensive and dangerous due to slave revolts and changing moral attitudes against slavery.