Understanding Filipino Values and Social Stratification

Filipino values

Set of values historically important to Filipinos.

Value system

Consistent ideologies and moral codes in society.

Exogenous model

Legal and formal value model from foreign influences.

Indigenous model

Traditional, non-formal value model deeply embedded culturally.

Kapwa

Core value meaning 'togetherness' in Filipino culture.

Surface Values

Observable values like Hiya, Pakikisama, Utang na loob.

Hiya

Propriety and dignity valued in Filipino culture.

Pakikisama

Companionship and esteem within Filipino relationships.

Utang na loob

Debt of gratitude within family or close groups.

Pakikiramdam

Shared inner perception of others' feelings.

Optimism

Positive outlook about the future among Filipinos.

Pessimism

Negative outlook on present situations in Filipino culture.

Malasakit

Willingness to help family members in need.

Hospitality

Warm and generous treatment of guests by Filipinos.

Pagkakabuklod-buklod

Importance of family unity and safety in Filipino culture.

Galang

Respectfulness taught through cultural and religious influences.

Pagkarelihiyoso

Strong belief in religion and supernatural powers.

Damayan/Balikatan

Mutual cooperation and support in times of need.

Social stratification

Hierarchical arrangement of individuals in society.

Upper class

Wealthy elite owning 90% of the country's wealth.

Middle class

Professionals making up about 20% of the population.

Lower class

70% of the population earning only 10% of wealth.

Four principles of stratification

Socially defined, reproduced, universal, and qualitative aspects.

Communal society

Group prioritizing community needs over individual interests.

Personalism

Emphasis on personal relationships in Filipino culture.

Loob/Kalooban

Inner self or personal feelings in Filipino identity.

Macroclusters

General clusters grouping Filipino values into categories.

Filipino character

Identity shaped by cultural and social values.