WILSON & WWI — FULL STUDY GUIDE FOR YOUR TEST TOMORROW

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assassination started WWI.

Arthur Zimmerman

German official who sent the Zimmerman Note asking Mexico to attack the US.

Bernard Baruch

Leader of the War Industries Board, controlled factories and production for the war.

Charles Evans Hughes

Ran against Wilson in 1916, famous for saying, 'He kept us out of war'.

David Lloyd George

Prime Minister of Great Britain at Versailles.

Edith Wilson

Effectively ran the government after Wilson’s stroke.

Gavrilo Princip

Ass assassin of Franz Ferdinand and member of the Black Hand.

George Creel

Led the Committee on Public Information, known for propaganda efforts.

George V

King of Britain during WWI.

Georges Clemenceau

France’s leader at Versailles, wanted to punish Germany.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Republican Senator who blocked the League of Nations.

Herbert Hoover

Ran Food Administration, promoting rationing strategies.

Kaiser Wilhelm

German emperor during WWI who abdicated at war's end.

Nicholas II

Last czar of Russia before the revolution.

Vittorio Orlando

Italy’s leader at Versailles who sought land fulfillment.

Woodrow Wilson

US President who created the 14 Points and League of Nations.

14 Points

Wilson’s plan for postwar peace.

Aircraft

Used for reconnaissance and later dogfighting and bombing.

American Contributions

Fresh troops, supplies, and high morale which boosted Allied victory.

American Trade Policy

Initially neutral but leaned towards Allies due to British blockade.

Armistice

Nov. 11, 1918 — ceasefire that ended fighting.

British Blockade

Blocked Germany from supplies, leading to starvation.

Central Powers / Allied Powers

Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire; Allied: Britain, France, Russia, later US.

Draft

Selective Service Act of 1917 requiring military service for men 18+.

Draft Regulations

Local boards determined service, with no substitutes allowed.

Food Administration

Led by Hoover to manage food resources and encourage rationing.

Foreign Policy Problems

US neutrality challenged by German actions like U-boats.

German Acts of War

Included unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking of ships.

German / Austro-Hungarian Surrender

Caused by starvation, blockades, and economic collapse.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans to the North for factory jobs.

Harlem Hellfighters

All-Black infantry unit fought longer on front lines than any American unit.

Home Front Activities

Included rationing, victory gardens, and women in the workforce.

League of Nations

Wilson’s idea; weak without US participation.

Lusitania / Arabic / Sussex

Civilian ships sunk by German U-boats, propelling US toward war.

Poison Gas

First used by Germany, included mustard and chlorine gas.

Reasons for War

Included unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Note.

Reparations

Payments that Germany was required to pay after the war.

Treaty of Versailles

Punished Germany; resulted in loss of land and reparations.

Trench Warfare

Characterized by no-man's land, stalemate, and harsh conditions.

Troops Used by America

American Expeditionary Force (AEF) led by Pershing.

War Declaration

Made by Wilson in April 1917 to 'Make the world safe for democracy'.

War Guilt Clause

Article 231 placing sole blame for WWI on Germany.

War Industries Board

Oversaw production, prices, and output during the war.

Weaknesses of the League

Included lack of US membership and military capacity.

Women’s Role

Worked in factories and support roles, contributing to the 19th Amendment.

Zimmerman Note

Germany encouraged Mexico to attack the US in return for land.