Special Populations

gravida

number of pregnancies

para

number of viable deliveries

gestational age

how far along is the pregnancy; age of pregnancy not fetus

first trimester

nausea, vomiting, cravings, aversions, heightened sense of smell, mood swings

second trimester

round ligament pains, areola changes, stretch marks, feeling baby moving

third trimester

strong kicks form the baby, swollen feet, leaking colostrum, and frequent urination

postpartum

fatigue, sore, leaking, baby blues, risk for depression

neurological

pain, tingling in thighs, carpel tunnel syndrome, dizzy, lightheaded

peripheral vascular

dependent edema, physiological anemia, thrombophlebitis

geriatric pregnancy

higher risk of genetic abnormalities, increase of pre-existing health problems, gestational diabetes, miscarriage

APGAR

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration

7-10

normal APGAR score

<7

immediate intervention APGAR score

RAPP

respiratory, activity, perfusion, and position

ballard scale

gestational age determination

rooting reflex

newborn turns head and opens mouth toward touch on cheek or mouth; aid in finding breast or bottle

sucking reflex

suck when roof of the mouth is touched

palmar grasp reflex

touching infant palm causes them to curl their fingers and grasp

plantar grasp reflex

toes curl downward with pressure on the bottom of the foot

tonic neck reflex

turning head to the side causes arm and lead on that side to extend while other flexes

moro reflex

involuntary protective response to sudden unexpected sensation like falling or loud noises

babinski reflex

toes fan out upon stroking the sole

stepping reflex

infant makes walking patterns when held upright above a solid surface

80-100

normal BPM of an infant

30-53

normal breaths per min for infant

0-12 months

infancy

1-3 years old

toddler

3-4 years old

preschool

5-12 years old

school-age

13-18 years old

adolescence

toddlers

major gross motor skills like standing and walking

preschoolers

ride tricycle, run/skip/hop/copy a circle, use scissors

school-age

ride bicycle, skateboard, write, play video games

adolescents

gross motor skills to adult level, fine motor skills developing

ADL

ability to carry out basic self-care like eating, bathing, and toileting

Katz

activities of daily living assessment tool

IADL

ability to carry out activities necessary for well-being as an individual in society; cooking, cleaning, managing finances, working with technology, etc

Lawton scale

assess IADL in older adults