S+F II Lab Midterm

NAME

Pituitary gland

NAME

Adrenal Glands

NAME

Thyroid

NAME (POSTERIOR)

Parathyroid

NAME

Pancreas

NAME

Thymus

NAME - Tissue

Pituitary gland

NAME

Pars Distalis

NAME

Pars Intermedia

NAME

Adenohypophysis (Anterior Piturary Gland)

Name

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary Gland)

What does the anterior pituitary gland originate from?

Glandular epithelial

What does the posterior pituitary gland originate from?

Neural tissue

NAME (Tissue)

Thyroid

NAME

Follicle

NAME

Colloid

What is colloid?

A fluid substance that fills thyroid follicles and is full of thyroglobulin

What is thyroglobulin?

A protein precursor for T3 and T4 hormones

What parts of the thyroid make certain hormones?

Follicle - T3 and T4

Parafollicular Cells - Calcitonin

NAME

Parafollicular Cells

NAME (tissue)

Parathyroid

NAME (tissue)

Adrenal Glands

NAME

Capsule

NAME

Zona Glomerulosa

NAME

Zona Fasciculata

NAME

Zona reticularis

NAME

Adrenal Cortex

NAME

Adrenal Medulla

What is produced by medullary cells?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

What is made by zona glomerulosa?

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

What is made in zona fasciculata

Glucocorticoids (Coritsol)

What is made in zona reticularis?

Androgens (DHEA/Estrogen Precursor)

NAME

Pancreas

NAME

Islet of Langerhans or Pancreatic Islet

NAME

Blood Vessel

NAME

Pancreatic Duct

What hormone initiates ovulation?

Luteinizing Hormone

What hormones are made by the pituitary gland

LH - Luteinizing

GH - Growth

ACTH - Adrenocorticotrophic

TSH - Thyroid Stimulation

FSH - Follicle Stimulation

PRL - Prolactin

OT -Oxytocin

ADH - Antidiuretic

What does hyperinsulinism present as a neurologic condition

The brain is deprived of glucose

How does Epinephrine affect the Heart?

• Harder contractions (MAIN EFFECT)

• Faster bpm

How does Acetylcholine affect the heart?

• Decrease BPM (MAIN)

• Weaker contraction

What is hyperinsulinemia?

Excessive blood insulin

What is hypoinsulinemia?

Low blood insulin

What is hyperglycemia?

High blood sugar

What is hypoglycemia?

Low blood sugar

What is a ketone?

A byproduct of breaking down fat

What is ketoacidosis

The rising of blood pH due to an excess of ketone bodies

What is diabetic shock?

A state of severe hypoglycemia, usually due hyperinsulinemia

What is diabetic coma?

A loss of consciousness due to a lack of glucose in the brain

What is diabetes mellitus?

A disorder where a person loses functionality of insulin due to lack of production or insensitvity

What tests are done with diabetes?

• Fasting Blood Glucose

• Blood Ketones

• Blood pH

• Hematocrit

• Urine Glucose

• Urine Volume

• Urine pH

How does diabetes affect fasting blood glucose

Higer (Insulin doesn’t pull into cells)

How does diabetes affect blood ketones?

Raises (Fats are broken down for enegry)

How does diabetes affect Serum pH

Lowers (Ketoacidosis)

How does diabetes affect Hematocrit

Raises (Removed water in urination)

How does diabetes affect urine glucose?

Raises (Sugars aren’t metabolized)

How does diabetes affect urine volume?

Raises (Need to expel excess glucose and ketones)

How does diabetes affect urine pH?

Lowers (Ketones)

NAME

Right Atrium

NAME

Left Atrium

NAME

Right Auricle

NAME

Left Auricle

NAME

Pectinate Muscle

NAME

Left Ventricle

NAME

Right Ventricle

NAME

Trabeculae carnea

NAME

Interventricular septum

NAME

Chordae tendineae

NAME

Papillary muscles

NAME

Bicuspid Valve

NAME

Tricuspid Valve

NAME

Aortic Valve

NAME

Pulmonary Valve

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of blood that is made of RBC

How is hematocrit calculated?

(Total Blood Volume/ Total RBC Volume) * 100 = RBC%

What are Eldoncards?

A tool used to do blood typing using anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh serum

What are the main blood antigens?

• A

• B

• Rh

How is a positive result shown on a eldoncard?

The blood will agglutinate or clump

How is Rh expressed in blood type

As - or + types

What is O blood?

Blood that has neither A or B antigen

What is the universal donor type?

O-

What is the universal acceptor?

AB+

What is erythroblastosis foetalis

A development of anemia in a fetus due to the fetal blood being Rh+ and the mother’s blood being Rh-

What is thromboplastin?

An enzyme that catalyzes part of the clotting process

What is the purpose of Ca in clotting?

Promotes the formation of a clot

What is APTT?

A test done to see the clotting time for a patient

In the clotting lab, the thromboplastin mimics…

The Extrinsic Pathway

In the clotting lab, the APPT reagent mimics…

The Intrinsic Pathway

In the clotting lab, which pathway was the faster clotting? Why?

Extrinsic

• This pathway is the response for trauma

What is iron deficiency anemia?

A condition where the body cannot make enough RBC due to a lack of iron needed to make hemoglobin

What is sickle cell disease?

A hereditary condition that causes hemoglobin to stiffen up with oxygen, forming crescent shaped RBC

What is sickle cell trait?

A condition where a person is a carrier for the sickle cell gene and can crescent the RBC with higher pressures

What is leukemia?

A cancer of the WBC

What is chronic myeloid leukemia?

A rare cancer of the bone marrow, increasing the amount of RBC and WBC

What is lymphoma?

A cancer of the lymph system, causing an out-of-control growth of lymphocytes

What is Deep Vein Thrombis

A condition where, due to inactivity, a clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg and pelvis

What is hemophilia

A condition in which the body cannot make clots due to a lack of clotting proteins

NAME

Ascending Aorta

NAME

Aortic Arch

NAME

Descending Aorta