Psych Unit 4

Schema

A mental framework for organizing information.

Assimilation

Fitting new information into existing schemas.

Accommodation

Changing schemas to incorporate new information.

Object Permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Egocentrism

The inability to see the perspectives of others.

Conservation

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.

Preconventional Morality

A level of moral reasoning based on rewards and punishments.

Conventional Morality

A level of moral reasoning based on social rules and laws.

Postconventional Morality

A level of moral reasoning based on ethical principles.

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's first stage (0-2 years) where learning occurs through senses; includes object permanence.

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's second stage (2-7 years) characterized by symbolic thinking and egocentrism.

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's third stage (7-11 years) marked by logical thinking and understanding of conservation.

Formal Operational Stage

Piaget's fourth stage (12+ years) involving abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first psychosocial stage (0-1 years) focused on developing trust in caregivers.

Autonomy vs. Shame

The second psychosocial stage (1-3 years) centered on gaining independence.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third psychosocial stage (3-6 years) involving initiative in activities.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth psychosocial stage (6-12 years) focused on building competence.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The fifth psychosocial stage (12-18 years) concerned with forming identity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The sixth psychosocial stage (young adult) involving building relationships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The seventh psychosocial stage (middle adult) focused on contributing to society.

Integrity vs. Despair

The eighth psychosocial stage (late adult) centered on reflecting on life.