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Psych Unit 4

Cognitive Development (Piaget)

  • Schema: Mental framework for organizing information.

  • Assimilation: Fitting new info into existing schemas.

  • Accommodation: Changing schemas for new info.

  • Object Permanence: Knowing objects exist even when unseen.

  • Egocentrism: Inability to see others' perspectives.

  • Conservation: Understanding that quantity stays the same despite changes in shape.

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

  • Preconventional: Morality based on rewards/punishment.

  • Conventional: Morality based on social rules/laws.

  • Postconventional: Morality based on ethical principles.

Piaget’s Cognitive Stages

  1. Sensorimotor (0-2): Learning through senses; object permanence.

  2. Preoperational (2-7): Symbolic thinking; egocentrism.

  3. Concrete Operational (7-11): Logical thinking; conservation.

  4. Formal Operational (12+): Abstract and hypothetical thinking.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

  1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1): Developing trust in caregivers.

  2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1-3): Gaining independence.

  3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6): Taking initiative in activities.

  4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12): Building competence.

  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18): Forming identity.

  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult): Building relationships.

  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adult): Contributing to society.

  8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late adult): Reflecting on life.