AP CSA Final

alias

reference variable that points to the same object as another reference variable; object a = new object(); object b = a;

equals() method

returns true if two reference variables are aliases (a == b)

nested if statement

if statement inside another if statement

!

not

&&

and

||

or

compound Boolean expression

expression using logical operators that evaluates to a Boolean value

short-circuited evaluation

when the result of a logical expression can be determined by evaluating the first Boolean operand

De Morgan’s Laws

set of rules describing how to simplify complex Boolean expressions; move not inside and flip sign

!(A && B)

!A || !B

!(A || B)

!A && !B

!(A == B)

A != B

!(A != B)

A == B

!(A < B)

A >= B

!(A <= B)

A > B

static variable

variable shared by all instances of a class

static method

method that belongs to a class; can be called without creating an object of the class; cannot change instance variables

final class

class that cannot be extended

abs()

returns absolute value

sqrt(double)

returns positive square root

pow(a, b)

returns a^b

cast

assign a value of one type to another

Math.random()

returns double value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1

formula for random number within a range

(int)(Math.random() \*\[largest val - smallest val +1\]) + min

multi-selection statement

statement that selects a single action from 3+ conditional statements