lecture quiz

BMI

A measure of body fat based on height and weight.

Phenotype

The observable traits expressed by an organism.

Chlorophyll a

The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis.

Chemoautotrophs

Organisms that do not use light energy from the sun to produce food.

Pigments in plants

Absorb light from a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are separated during meiosis I.

Light-dependent reactions

Use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

Disrupted by crossing over.

Discontinuous variation

A type of variation represented by traits such as attached/detached earlobes.

Sexual reproduction

Advantageous because it increases genetic diversity.

Independent assortment

The random alignment of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Meiosis I

Results in two genetically unique, haploid cells.

Photosystem II

Uses water to replace lost electrons during photosynthesis.

Calvin cycle

Processes that produce glucose from CO2.

Genotype of the parents

Identified as both being heterozygous.

Mesophyll cells

Cell type with the highest density of chloroplasts in plants.

Probability of type O blood

Inherits type O at a rate of 1/2 with a type A and type O parent.

Oogenesis

Meiosis is completed after ovulation.

2n=8

Which of the following best describes the ploidy of the cell at this stage of the cell cycle?

Inheritance pattern

Characterized as incomplete dominance in the hypothetical bear cubs.

Thylakoids

Disc-shaped structures in chloroplasts for light-dependent reactions.

Differential gene expression

Explains the differences in proteins between nerve and pancreatic cells.

Recombination frequency

Percentage derived from crossing over events.

Operon

A cluster of genes with related functions regulated by a single promoter.

Gene expression regulation

Affects cellular needs and adaptation.

Meiosis stage

Indicated as telophase II.

Chromosome distribution issue

Resulting from non-disjunction during cell division.

Repressible operon

The trp operon conserves energy by reducing production when tryptophan is abundant.

Mendel's law of segregation

Exhibited during anaphase I of meiosis.

Calvin cycle purpose

To fix inorganic carbon.

Test cross example

Crossing dominant phenotype with homozygous recessive individual.

Independent assortment conclusion

Supported by observed phenotypic ratio in F2 generation.

Color vision inheritance

Describes potential outcomes for children of colorblind parents.

Albinism genetics

Result of epistasis when one gene blocks pigment production.

Lac operon expression

Highest when there's no glucose and high lactose concentration.

Probability in offspring

Calculated for heterozygous conditions across three loci.

F2 generation outcomes

Expected phenotype ratio of 3:1 for black to brown mice.

Recombination map

Shows how X, Y, and Z are linked based on given frequencies.