lecture quiz

Identical twins are both 6'1", but one weighs 170lbs and has a body mass index (BMI) of 22 and the other weighs 230lbs and has a BMI of 30. BMI would be an example of a ____________________ trait.

modifiable

influential

multifactorial

pleiotropic

polygenic

Question at position 2

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 2

The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as its ____________________.

phenotype

genotype

proteome

alleles

genome

Question at position 3

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 3

What type of molecule is the "special pair" located at the center of the reaction center in the photosystems?

chlorophyll a

carotenoid

chlorophyll b

β-carotene

Xanthophyll

Question at position 4

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 4

Which of the following organisms do NOT use light energy from the sun to produce their own food?

cyanobacteria

plants

chemoautotrophs

phytoplankton

photoautotrophs

Question at position 5

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 5

Why is it advantageous for plants to have multiple pigments?

to increase the production of oxygen during photosynthesis

to absorb light from a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum

to limit the need to for carbon dioxide during photosynthesis

to increase the efficiency of carbon dioxide uptake during light absorption

to reduce the need for chlorophyll synthesis

Question at position 6

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 6

_______________ are separated during meiosis I, _______________ are separated during meiosis II.

homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids

sister chromatids; non-homologous chromosomes

non-homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids

sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes

Question at position 7

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 7

What is the purpose of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

to release stored energy for cellular activities

to inorganic carbon from CO₂ into sugar molecules

to use CO₂ to produce O₂

to breakdown glucose to release energy for plant growth

to use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH

Question at position 8

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 8

What process disrupts Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

fertilization

DNA replication

mitosis

crossing over

epistasis

Question at position 9

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 9

Mendel’s work in genetics focused on traits that exhibited discontinuous variation. Which of these human traits is an example of discontinuous variation?

weight

human height

skin color in a population

attached/detached earlobes

foot length

Question at position 10

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 10

Why is sexual reproduction advantagous?

increases genetic diversity

requires less energy than asexual reproduction

faster and more efficient than asexual reproduction

ensures that all offspring inherit beneficial mutations

allows for production of genetically identical offspring

Question at position 11

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 11

What is independent assortment?

the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

the inheritance of only one (not both) homologous chromosomes

the inheritance of different traits due to their physical proximity on chromosomes

the random alignment of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question at position 12

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 12

What is the product of meiosis I?

two genetically identical, diploid cells

two genetically unique, haploid cells

two genetically unique, diploid cells

two genetically identical, haploid cells

Question at position 13

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 13

Which molecule replaces the lost electron in photosystem II during photosynthesis?

NADPH

oxygen

ATP

water

carbon dioxide

Question at position 14

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 14

Correctly order the events of the Calvin cycle.

a. production of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)
b. incorporation of CO₂c. regeneration of RuBP
d. reduction of the carbon containing molecule

b, d, a, c

a, c, d, b

b, c, a, d

d, c, b, a

d, b, a, c

Question at position 15

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 15

The gene for normal ears in rabbits (E) is dominant over the gene for large floppy 'lop ears' (e). If a male rabbit with normal ears and a female rabbit with floppy ears has a litter of 8 bunnies, 6 with normal ears and 2 with floppy ears, what does this tell you about the genotype of the parents?

The female is heterozygous.

The female is homozygous dominant.

The male is heterozygous.

The male is homozygous recessive.

Both the male and female are heterozygous.

Question at position 16

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 16

In plants, what cell type has the highest density of chloroplasts?

stoma cells

mesophyll cells

lumen cells

stomata cells

root cells

Question at position 17

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 17

Human blood is classified using the ABO blood group system, which is based on the inherited properties of red blood cells. There are three alleles I^A, I^B and i, the recessive allele. An individual that is homozygous recessive has type O blood. If a mother has type A blood and a father has type O blood, what is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

1/2

1/4

can't be determined

Question at position 18

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 18

During oogenesis, when is meiosis completed?

before birth

after puberty begins

before the onset of puberty

after ovulation

after fertilization

Question at position 19

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 19

Use the picture shown below to answer the following questions. Which of the following best describes the ploidy of the cell at this stage of the cell cycle?

2n = 4

1n = 8

2n = 8

1n = 4

Question at position 20

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 20

If a black bear and a white bear have the litter of cubs shown below, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of? (note: this is only hypothetical and does not actually explain the phenotype of panda bears)

recessive dominance

codominance

incomplete dominance

panda dominance

complete dominance

Question at position 21

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 21

Use the diagram of a chloroplast shown below to answer the following question.

The disc-shaped structures within chloroplasts are called _______________(labeled A) and are the site of the _______________ of photosynthesis.

grana; Calvin cycle

stomata; light dependent reactions

thylakoids; Calvin cycle

thylakoids; light dependent reactions

stoma; Calvin cycle

Question at position 22

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 22

The reason for differences in the sets of proteins expressed in a nerve and a pancreatic cell of the same individual is that nerve and pancreatic cells contain different ________.

regulatory sequences in their DNA

genes

alleles

sets of regulatory proteins

promoters

Question at position 23

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 23

In Drosophila, true-breeding normal-winged, and wildtype red-eyed flies were crossed with true-breeding spineless (no wing bristles), claret (dark eyes) flies. All of the offspring had normal wings and red eyes. In a test cross of these offspring, the following offspring were obtained:

F2 generation:542 normal wings, red eyes
134normal wings, claret eyes
578spineless, claret eyes
146spineless, red eyes 1396

What is the frequency of recombination between the loci for wing bristles and eye color?

20%

80%

48%

52%

Question at position 24

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 24

Examine the homologous chromosomes shown below. Which of the following alelleic combinations would results from crossing over?

A, B, c

C, b, A

c, B, a

A, b, C

a, B, c

Question at position 25

Multiple Choice

0.25 points

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Question at position 25

What is the original source of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

independent assortment

segregation

genetic mutations

fertilization

crossing over

Question at position 26

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 26

What is an operon?

an enzyme involved in DNA replication

a cluster of genes with related functions regulated by a single promoter

a segment of mRNA that undergoes splicing before translation

a type of RNA molecule involved in translation

a region of DNA that codes for a single protein

Question at position 27

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 27

What is the purpose of regulating gene expression?

to meet the current needs of cells

to ensure proper DNA replication

to increase generative variation

to prevent mutations

to facilitate repair of damaged DNA

Question at position 28

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 28

What stage of meiosis is shown?

telophase II

prophase I

anaphase II

anaphase I

prophase II

Question at position 29

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 29

The process in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate properly resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the gametes is _______________.

karyokinesis

cytokinetics

disassortment

non-disjunction

diskaryosis

Question at position 30

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 30

The trp operon is an example of a repressible operon. How is this advantageous to the cell?

It ensures that tryptophan synthesis occurs continuously regardless of cellular conditions.

It conserves energy by reducing production of tryptophan when tryptophan is abundant.

It allows for rapid production of tryptophan when tryptophan levels are high.

It facilitates the degradation of excess tryptophan in the cell.

Question at position 31

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 31

At what stage of meiosis do we see evidence of Mendel's law of segregation?

metaphase II

prophase II

metaphase I

anaphase I

anaphase II

Question at position 32

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 32

What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?

generate ATP for the cell

capture light energy to produce chemical energy

produce glucose

fix inorganic carbon

Question at position 33

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 33

Which of the following is an example of a test cross?

crossing a homozygous dominant individual with a homozygous recessive individual

crossing a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual

crossing two homozygous dominant individuals

crossing a heterozygous individual with a homozygous dominant individual

crossing two heterozygous individuals

Question at position 34

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 34

If a true breeding ebony fly with curly wings (e e; cy cy) was mated with a true breeding wild-type, fly (+ +; + +), then all of the offspring in the F₁ generation would be heterozygous for each gene (e +; cy +) and would exhibit a wild-type phenotype. A testcross was performed between offspring of the F₁ generation, and the phenotypic ratio observed in the F₂ generation is shown below. What can you conclude about the inheritance of these genes?

F₂ generation:

299 wildtype
301 ebony body/curly wings;
303normal body/curly wings
298 ebony body/curly wings

the genes are independently assorting

both genes are sex-linked

at least one of the genes must be sex-linked

the genes are linked and the recombinant phenotypes are the result of crossing over

the curly gene is on chromosome 2 and the ebony gene is on chromosome 3

Question at position 35

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 35

Theodore has normal color vision, while his wife Hudson is colorblind. Colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Which of the following accurately describe(s) the probability that their children would be affected?

all of their children, both sons and daughters, would be affected

none of their sons would be affected, and all of their daughters would be carriers

all of their sons would be affected, and 50% of their daughters would be carriers

none of their sons would be affected, and all of their daughters would be affected

all of their sons would be affected, and all of their daughters would be carriers

Question at position 36

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 36

Albinism in mammals, such as this hedgehog, is caused by a gene that blocks the production of pigment from another gene. What is this an example of?

epistasis

lethality

codominance

counter inheritance

pleiotropy

Question at position 37

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 37

Under which of the following conditions would you expect expression of the lac operon to be highest?

a high concentration of glucose and no lactose

high concentrations of glucose and lactose

low concentrations of glucose and lactose

no glucose and a high concentration of lactose

Question at position 38

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 38

Assuming independent assortment of these 3 genes, what is the probability of having an offspring that is heterozygous for all three loci from the following cross?

Parents: AaBbCc x AaBbCc

1/8

1/2

1/16

1/4

1/32

Question at position 39

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 39

In mice, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for brown fur (b). A true-breeding black mouse was crossed to a true-breeding brown mouse, and then a member of the F₁ generation was crossed to a brown mouse to produce the F₂ generation. What would you expect to see in the F₂ generation?

all black mice

all brown mice

1:1 (black mice:brown mice)

2:1 (black mice:brown mice)

3:1 (black mice:brown mice)

Question at position 40

Multiple Choice

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Question at position 40

Use the recombination frequencies shown below to determine the correct linkage map for 3 genes, X, Y, and Z.

X to Y = 8%
Y to Z = 19%
X to Z = 10.5%

Y ----- X -----Z

Z ----- Y -----X

Y----- Z -----X

X----- Z -----Y

X ----- Y -----Z

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