Plants

Radicle

the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during germination.

Sessile

plants must avoid being eaten, find a mate, reproduce, and disperse their offspring.

Autotrophic

plants collect raw materials for photosynthesis and expose themselves to sunlight.

Vascular tissue

includes xylem and phloem, responsible for transporting substances in plants.

Parenchyma

ground tissue with thin cell walls.

Collenchyma

ground tissue with medium cell walls, firm yet flexible.

Sclerenchyma

ground tissue with thick, hard cell walls (e.g., spines).

Xylem

transports water and minerals in plants.

Phloem

transports carbohydrates made in leaves to other plant cells.

Stomata

openings in leaves that allow gas exchange and regulate water loss.

Transpiration Pull

mechanism where water is pulled up through the plant due to evaporation.

Monocot

plants with seeds having one cotyledon (seed leaf).

Dicot

plants with seeds having two cotyledons.

Meristem

regions in plants where cells undergo mitosis for growth.

Apical meristems

found at root and shoot tips, responsible for primary growth.

Lateral meristems

cylindrical regions in roots and stems, responsible for secondary growth.