Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam

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TEHRAN CONFERENCE

The Tehran Conference was the first of three strategic meetings between the USA, Britain and the Soviet Union to discuss Nazi Germany and how to end the war.

What was the Tehran Conference?

* President Franklin D Roosevelt of the United States.
* General Secretary Joseph Stalin of the USSR.
* Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom.

Who attended the Tehran Conference?

It was held at the Soviet Union's embassy in Tehran, Iran.

Where was the Tehran Conference held?

The Tehran Conference was held from November to December, 1943.

When was the Tehran Conference held?

* It led to a better relationship between the USA, Britain and the USSR.
* They were working together to defeat Nazi Germany, fascist Italy and Imperial Japan.
* They also discussed plans for the UN and ending the war.

Why was the Tehran Conference important?

* It was decided the USA and Britain would open a second front by invading Europe through Nazi-occupied France.
* The USSR would invade Nazi Germany from the east.
* The USSR would invade Japan once Nazi Germany was defeated.
* The Polish border would be moved to the west, so Poland would gain territory from Germany and lose it to the USSR from the east.
* An organisation would be created to settle international disagreements once the war was over. This would eventually become the United Nations.

What decisions were taken at the Tehran Conference?

* Churchill wanted the second front to be opened up in the Balkans, not in France.
* Roosevelt viewed Britain's colonialism as a greater threat than communism.

What signs of tension were there at the Tehran Conference?

YALTA CONFERENCE

The Yalta Conference was the second of three strategic meetings between the USA, Britain and the Soviet Union to discuss winning the war and post-war Europe.

What was the Yalta Conference?

The Yalta Conference took place in Yalta in the USSR.

Where was the Yalta Conference held?

The Yalta Conference was held in February 1945.

When was the Yalta Conference held?

* President Roosevelt of the USA.
* General Secretary Stalin of the USSR.
* Prime Minister Churchill of Great Britain.

Who attended the Yalta Conference?

* The superpowers agreed on the Declaration of Liberated Europe which guaranteed all countries freed from Nazi control the right to hold democratic and free elections.
* Nazi Germany and Berlin would be divided into four zones, to be controlled by the USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union.
* Germany would be reduced in size.
* Germany would be demilitarised.
* Germany would be ordered to pay reparations.

What decisions were taken at the Yalta Conference? (5)

* After the war was over, Nazi war criminals would be tried and the Nazi Party banned.
* Poland would fall under the Soviet sphere of influence.
* Poland would be run under a democratically elected government.
* Eastern Europe would have free elections.
* The USSR would declare war on Japan 3 months after Nazi Germany was defeated.
* The United Nations was created.

What decisions were taken at the Yalta Conference? (6)

* The USSR wanted Germany to pay high reparations; Britain and the USA disagreed.
* Britain and the USA wanted Germany to recover, whereas the USSR wanted to keep Germany weak.
* Stalin wanted the Polish-German border to be much further to the west and desired a 'friendly' Polish government. Britain and the USA were worried this would mean Poland would be controlled by the USSR.

What disagreements were there at the Yalta Conference?

POTSDAM CONFERENCE

The Potsdam Conference was the third and final meeting between the USA, Britain and the Soviet Union to discuss Nazi Germany and the future of Europe.

What was the Potsdam Conference?

The Potsdam Conference was held in Potsdam, Germany.

Where was the Potsdam Conference held?

The Potsdam Conference took place between July and August 1945.

When was the Potsdam Conference held?

* President Harry Truman of the United States.
* Prime Minister Clement Attlee of Great Britain.
* Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union.

Who attended the Potsdam Conference?

Leadership of two Allied nations had changed since the Yalta Conference. Roosevelt died in April 1945 and Churchill lost the British general election in July.

Why did the leaders at the Potsdam Conference change?

* The USA and Britain were unhappy Stalin had removed the non-communists from the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity.
* The USA and Britain were unhappy Stalin had not allowed free elections in eastern Europe. Stalin was angry as he thought the West was interfering.
* Truman deliberately delayed the Potsdam meeting so America could test the atomic bomb. When Truman informed Stalin about the USA's successful test, Stalin was very angry not to have been told beforehand.
* Truman was very anti-communist and wanted to get 'tough' with Stalin.

What disagreements were there at the Potsdam Conference?

* The Nazi Party was banned.
* War criminals were to be prosecuted.
* Germany was to be reduced in size.
* Germany would be divided into four occupied zones controlled by the USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union.

What decisions were taken at the Potsdam Conference? (4)

* Berlin would also be divided into four occupied zones controlled by the USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union.
* All economic decisions about Germany must be agreed to by all four powers in the Allied Control Council.
* A Council of Foreign Ministers was set up to organise the rebuilding of Europe.
* It was decided the Soviet Union would receive 25% of the industrial output from the other three occupied zones.

What decisions were taken at the Potsdam Conference? (4)