[CHILD 4] COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

PIAGET: Children move through distinct stages of __ __

Cognitive development

PIAGET: __ __ of children at different ages as they performed cognitive tasks

Controlled observation

PIAGET: Children have different __ __ at different ages

Mental operations

PIAGET: __ - manipulate size and amount

Conservation

PIAGET: __ - manipulate perspective and objects

Ability to decentre

PIAGET: __ - manipulate stimuli and mental states

Theory of mind

PIAGET: Tutoring will have limited effectiveness if the tutor isn’t aware of what __ __ the tutee already has

Mental abilities

PIAGET: Stage 1- ___: no mental operations (0-2yrs)

Sensory-motor

PIAGET: Stage 2- ___: start to think symbolically and classify objects (2-7 yrs)

Pre-operational stage

PIAGET: Stage 3- ___: manipulate objects, only physical, not abstract (7-11 yrs)

Concrete operational

PIAGET: Stage 4- ___: can manipulate abstract ideas mentally (11+ yrs)

Formal operational

VYGOTSKY: All children born with ability to develop basic __ __

Cognitive abilities

VYGOTSKY: Children only develop further abilities through __ and __ interaction

Social, cultural

VYGOTSKY: ____- skills that they are able to learn with help from others

Zone of proximal development

VYGOTSKY: ____- an individual with a greater expertise in an area, can expand someone’s ZPD

More knowledgable other

VYGOTSKY: AN expert MKO can use __, providing support by breaking down complex unachievable task into simpler achievable tasks

Scaffolding