AP PSYCH

Three Stages of Stress

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Locus of Control

The extent of feeling control over life events

Internal Locus of Control

Belief in personal control over outcomes

External Locus of Control

Attributing circumstances to outside forces

Psychoanalytic Theories

Freud's theory of personality development

Id

Part of personality driven by biological urges for immediate gratification

Ego

Conscious part mediating between id, superego, and reality

Superego

Represents internalized ideals and moral standards

Defense Mechanisms

Tactics to reduce anxiety by distorting reality

Repression

Keeping information out of conscious awareness

Displacement

Redirecting feelings onto less threatening targets

Projection

Ascribing unacceptable qualities to others

Regression

Reverting to earlier behavioral patterns under stress

Denial

Protecting the ego from coping with difficult realities

Rationalization

Explaining behavior in a logical manner to avoid true reasons

Reaction-Formation

Reducing anxiety by adopting opposite behaviors

Collective Unconscious

Shared collection of ancestral images by Jung

Inferiority Complex

Adler's concept of compensating for inadequacies

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Projective test revealing inner feelings through stories

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Projective test using inkblots for interpretation

Reciprocal Determinism

Bandura's theory of behavior-person-environment interaction

Big Five Personality Factors

Model of core personality traits

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

Widely used clinical assessment tool

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Self-report inventory for personality types

Conformity

Matching attitudes, beliefs, behaviors to group norms

Normative Influence

Influence leading to conformity due to social consequences

Bystander Effect

Less likelihood of helping in a group due to diffusion of responsibility

Altruism

Unselfish concern for others' well-being

Fundamental Attribution Error

Underestimating situational impact on behavior

Self-Serving Bias

Tendency to attribute success to oneself and failures to external factors