Ch 5 Ch 7 Health Test

Word Roots

- Body and main part of the word
- Every Medical Term may contain 2+ roots
-Ex: Cardi means "heart"

Prefix

- precedes, comes before word root
-changes the meaning of the word
- 1+ letter(s)
- not all medical terms have one
- when by itself always ends in a "-"

Suffix

-Element added after the word root
- changes meaning
- at the end of every medical term
- 1+ group of letter(s)
- ex: Ectomy means excision or surgical removal

Combining Vowel

- used to join 2 word roots
- placed between word root and suffix
- most common is 'o'
- makes words easier to pronounce
- no impact on definition

Combining Word Elements

- Can be put together to build a medical vocabulary
- Is important to learn and recognize the most common word elements
- Ex: Cardi/o/logy

Pros and Cons of using abbreviations

Pro: can speed up communication
Con: Can cause confusing leading to incorrect interpretations

Dorsal Cavity

- Back of the body
- Includes: Spinal Cord, Brain, Spinal Cord, meninges, Blood vessels, nervous, and central nervous system

Ventral Cavity

- Front of the body
- Divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

Anterior/ Ventral

Front of the Body

Posterior/Doral

Back of the Body

Superior

Area closer to the head

Distal

Area closer to feet

Proximal

closer to point of attachment

Medial

Middle or midline of the body

Deep

Farther away from the surface

Abduction

Means movement of the limb away from the body.

Adduction

Refers to limb movement toward the body

Flextion

Bending, decreasing the angle between joints

Extensions

Straightening, increases the angle of between joints

Body Planes

Imaginary lies drawn through upright body

Sagittal

Divides body into exact left and right sides

Coronal

Divides body into front and back halves

Transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Contains liver and gallbladder

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Contains appendix, small intestines, descending and sigmoid colon

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Contains Stomach, pancreas and spleen

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Contains Small intestines

Define Disease

Any condition that interferes with the normal functioning of the body

Diagnosis

The process of determining what is making a patient ill
Can Include:
- studying the patients medical history
- listening to description of illness
- physical exam
- analyzing the results of diagnostic tests

Hereditary or genetic Diseases

Results from abnormalities in a persons genes
- Ex: Down Syndrome

Congenital Disease

Exists at birth but my not be evident until later, also called birth defects.
- Ex: Cerebral Palsy

Environmental Disease

Can result fro exposure to air/water pollution, radiation, and other harmful substances

Nutritional Diseases

Can cause:
- inability to consume proper food and nutrients
- inability to absorb and utilize nutrients
- overeating or eating disorders
- Malnutrition results from the inadequate intake of nutrients

Infectious Dieases

- Bacteria and viruses are pathogens that can cause disease
- Transmitted from one living thing to another
- Various forms of infectious hepatitis are caused by differed viruses that affect the liver.

Degenerative Dieases

- Those in which tissues or organs overtime
- Ex: Arthritis is a disorder involving inflamation of joints

Traumatic Disease

Any physical injury to the body caused by an accident or violence
- safety awareness can reduce injuries from trauma.

Anorexia and Bulimia Differences

Anorexia: When a person starves themself to control their weight
Bulimia: When someone binge eats and then forces their-self to vomit

Leading Cause of Death in USA

Heart Disease

Atherosclerosis

A build up of plaque in the arteries that can lead to heart attack

Ways to Reduce/Lower Risk of Heart Disease

- Lower Blood Pressure
- Lower cholesterol
- Reduce stress
- Regular Exercise
- Diet with low salt, refined sugar, total and saturated fats, and cholesterol with high fruits and vegetables

Definition of Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth in body

Malignant vs Benign

Malignant: Cancerous
Benign: Harmless

Stroke

Occurs when blood flow to the brain stops

Ischemic vs Hemorrhagic

Ischemic: Arteries to the brain are blocked
Hemorrhagic: Arteries rupture in brain

Signs of Stroke (FAST)

Face ~ is one side drooping?
Arm~ is one week or numb?
Speech~ is it slurred?
Time~ essential, call 911 or get to hospital

Type 1 Diabetes

Autoimmune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas

Type 2 Diabetes

Results from the body's improper use of insulin