UTA POLS 2311 EXAM 2

Public opinion is

attitudes that people have about political issues, events, leaders, and institutions

A political ideology is best defined as

is a set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs

America's fundamental political values are

liberty, equality of opportunity, democracy

The two dominant political ideologies in American are _____________ and ___________.

liberalism and conservatism

A person's political party preferences are primarily acquired through the influence of ____________________.

family, social networks, education, race and ethnicity, gender, religion

The marketplace of ideas is

A public forum in which beliefs and ideas are exchanged and compete

The small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a ________.

sample

What is push pooling?

•A polling technique in which questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion

What is the bandwagon effect?

•A shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner

Which U.S. president promoted his policy agenda to the American people through "fireside chats"?

FDR

Freedom of the press is protected by ____________________________.

the first amendment

What percentage of Americans own a television?

97

What is digital citizenship?

•The ability to participate in society and politics online

•

•Disparities in internet access: according to age, race and ethnicity, and income

What is niche journalism?

can be found in specialty online sources

has risen over the last decade as traditional print media has declined

What is citizen journalism?

includes news reporting and political commentary by ordinary citizens and even crisis coverage from eyewitnesses on the scene.

What is "fake news?"

False stories meant to generate ad revenue or to benefit one candidate over another

Which government officials tend to be "whistle-blowers?"

Lower-level officials

Who is responsible for regulating broadcast media?

federal government

What is sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government?"

U.S. independent administrative government agencies, while technically part of the executive branch of government, are sometimes referred to as being part of the fourth branch

________ has released thousands of secret government documents exposing government corruption, torture, and war crimes.

WikiLeaks

A political party's main goal is to ______________________.

win elections

What is an incumbent?

candidate running for re-election to a position he or she already holds

Micro-targeting is ______________________

uses recent technological developments to gather large amounts of online data. The data from people's digital footprints is analyzed to create and convey messages that reflect an individual's preferences and personality.

Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the ________________ Party.

republican

Divided government occurs when ________________________________________.

one party controls the presidency while the other party controls at least one house of Congress.

The single-most important political act for most Americans is _______________.

voting

The most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes is ______________.

Education Level

Presidential or general elections occur _____________ years.

in even numbered

_______ electoral votes are required to win the presidency.

270

Primary elections were introduced by __________________ reformers.

progressive

The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that ________________.

all interests are, and should be, free to compete for influence in government.

1. The Teamsters and AFL-CIO are examples of _________________ interest groups.

labor

What is a free rider?

A person who enjoys the benefits of an action or a service without any effort on their part

Interest groups can overcome the free rider by problem by offering _________________

material benefits

Approximately how many citizens are members of the AARP?

38 million

The New Politics movement gave rise to _________________ interest groups.

public

What is lobbying?

a strategy by a group to influence the policy process through the persuasion of public officials

Lobbying is protected by which Constitutional amendment?

first amendment

A legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency working together is called a(n) _________________________.

iron triangle

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a Supreme Court case pursed as part of the _____________________ strategy of litigation.

NAACP's

U. S. Senators serve a ______-year term.

six

The total number of legislatures serving in both chambers of Congress is __________.

535

The number one profession of members of Congress is ___________________.

The legal profession

What is gerrymandering?

a process of redrawing election districts and redistributing legislative representatives

Who has the MOST real power in the Senate?

lies with the majority leader and the minority leader

A private bill is _________________

a proposal in Congress to provide a specific person with some kind of relief (often involving citizenship)

What is the work of a Conference Committee

It writes the final wording when both the House and Senate pass similar bills that need to be reconciled.

A filibuster allows member of the Senate to _______

prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor

What is logrolling?

a means by which legislators with nothing in common trade support, effectively saying to each other, "You support me on bill X, and I'll support you on bill Y."

Who are the three presidents to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives?

Andrew Johnson in 1868

Bill Clinton in 1998

Donald Trump in 2019